How Society Is Affected By Drug Usage In Sport - 1540 Words

Drugs have been a problem in our society for years. They have been used and abused by many groups, including amateur and professional athletes. Drugs are also used for recreational use not just for performance enhancement. Society is directly influenced by the usage of drugs in sport. A study in 2002 showed that An estimated 3 million people aged 15 or older reported that they used marijuana or hashish at least once in the year before the survey This shows that 12.2% of all Canadians either have health related problems which condone the usage of illegal drugs or athletes have nothing better to do. Drug usage in sport is cheating whether it be to play better, to be more relaxed or to gain more muscle mass. Like many drugs such as cocaine†¦show more content†¦There is evidence saying that athletes would use drugs if they knew that taking them would ensure they would win but not be caught. This shows that if there was no risk many of our athletes would put their bodies under too much stress by putting harmful products into their systems. Illicit drugs such as Marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA (ecstasy) are all tested for in a standard NIDA (National Institute for Drug Abuse) approved drug test, they all have different detection periods such as: Marijuana: Single Use: 48-72 hours , Habitual Use: up to 12 weeks. Cocaine:48-72 hours. Amphetamines: 1-4 days. Ecstasy: Single use:1-3 days, Heavy use: 3-5 days. Although these periods are not accurate because they vary between person to person due to metabolism, tolerance, frequency of intake, fluid intake, amount and length of time youve been a user. When athletes get caught we see it all over media, but what about the ones that get away with the help from doctors and pharmacists?, How many are outsmarting the tests and how difficult is it? Typing drug testing into a search engine many athletes will come across websites promoting kits on how to pass such as www.passyourdrugtest.com and www.testclear.com, nothing is stopping them from gaining this information and purchasing certain kits which can reduce drug appearance in under 5 days. College athletes are getting tested for performance enhancing drugs moreShow MoreRelatedShould Supplements Be A Type Of Eating Disorder Among Men? Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagestraining, and how they view themselves physically in order to observe if supplements have a relationship with eating disorders. The results of the type fitness supplements that the majority of the participants of the survey used were whey protein, creatain, and L creatine. They also used legal enhancing drugs (APED), and worked out minimum twice a week. Also 29% said they worried about consuming on APED and 22% have use this supplements instead of eating. 8% had to cut down on their usage of supplementsRead MoreShould Sports Enhancing Drugs Or Peds Should Be Allowed? Professional Sports?1608 Words   |  7 Pages Clean or Not? Whether or not Performing enhancing drugs or PEDs should be allowed in professional sports is one of the most widely discussed topics amongst fans and league officials. It brings a lot of controversy as well as a lot of upside. Many people argue that there is an unfair advantage amongst â€Å"clean† athletes while others say that there are many health benefits given to the athletes taking these drugs. As most things in our society, there are many things that have pros and cons to theirRead MoreDrug Use in Todays School System Has Become the Norm1267 Words   |  5 Pagesscreams muffled by the terrible silence of our ignorance. Drug usage in today’s school system has become a social norm. As a society we tend to stick to what we know, we tend to follow suit and fall into social pressure. This social pressure isn’t the enemy; it’s what we must rely on for change. With encouragement and the right knowledge we can all positively influence each other and all h igh school students to take a stance against drug use. I grew up with a kid named Jon. He was one of my bestRead MoreRitalin: Not the Best Treatment for ADHD or ADD1009 Words   |  5 PagesRitalin and other drugs used to treat children with ADHD and ADD have been given a lot of negative and some positive press over the years, but what is alarming is the statistics which I discovered from Suellen May, the editor of Understanding Drugs: Ritalin and Related Drugs: â€Å"In 1996, an estimated 1.5 million American schoolchildren (approximately 3-5% of all U.S. schoolchildren) were taking Ritalin daily† (9). The number clearly doubled over the years, which indicates that the use of Ritalin isRead MoreThe Role Of Steroids And Performance Enhancement Drugs1931 Words   |  8 Pagesissues that may arise within the business environment. How a business operates, how business decisions are made, and how the people that are a part of that business are to be treated all comes into focus when an ethical problem arises that needs to be remed ied. While some business ethics are enforceable by law, how the different businesses go about practicing their ethics may vary. An example of this can be found in the area of sports. Within sports there are many business policies and practices in regardsRead MoreUnderstanding Rhabdomyolysis: Causes, Signs and Symptoms1605 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding the Syndrome, Complications, and Nursing Considerations Introduction Mild muscle pain can be a common side effect of physical means, such as intense workouts, over usage of muscle, and/or blocked blood vessels, or by chemical means, such as toxins, heat or drugs. Oftentimes, people who experience muscle aches can easily pinpoint the cause due to their knowledge of the stress, tension, or physical activity they have endured. Rhabdomyolysis, or dissolution of skeletal muscle, isRead MoreThe Baseball Hall Of Fame1814 Words   |  8 PagesBaseball’s ineligible list shall not be an eligible candidate.† To this day, there is no mention of performance enhancing drugs being a factor to keep someone off the ballot and into the hall of fame. With that being said, it proposes this question deeply rooted in ethics. 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If Jennifer Lawrence appears gorgeous in her red carpet gown, she is praised; if she is caught with a slice of pizza

Unit 242 It Security for Users Free Essays

[242] IT security for users [242. 1] Select and use appropriate methods to minimise security risk to IT systems and data Assessment Criteria | 1. 1|   | Describe the security issues that may threaten system performanceThe possible threats to system performance may be: unwanted e-mail (‘spam’), malicious programs (including viruses, trojans) and hackers. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit 242 It Security for Users or any similar topic only for you Order Now Security precautions can be taken beforehand such as use of access controls. We can configure anti-virus software, adjust firewall settings, adjust internet security settings; backup; store personal data and software safely; treat messages, files, software and attachments from unknown sources with caution; download security software updates. | | |   | | | 1. |   | Describe the threats to system and information security and integrityThe possible threats to information security may be: from theft, unauthorised access, accidental file deletion, use of removable storage media; malicious programs (including viruses, trojans), hackers, phishing and identity theft; unsecured and public networks, default passwords and settings, wireless networks, Bluetooth, portable and USB devices. |   | 1. |   | Keep information secure and manage personal access to information sources securelyProtect systems and data: Access controls: Physical controls: log-in details should be treated as credit ca rd information and not to be left lying anywhere with an easy access, locks, passwords, access levels. |   | 1. 5|   | Describe ways to protect hardware, software and data and minimise security riskThere are steps to prevent threats to system and information: access to information sources should be allowed with Username and password/PIN selection. The system set up on password strength; how and when to change passwords (monthly); online identity/profile; Real name, pseudonym; what personal information to include, who can see the information; Respect confidentiality, avoid inappropriate disclosure of information. | | |   | | | 1. 7|   | Describe why it is important to backup data and how to do so securelyData backup involves the storing of files from your computer in another location. In this way, if there is ever any loss of data on your primary machine, you still have your data in backup in order to restore those files. Read this  Chapter 2 – Why Security is Needed In order to maintain the integrity of stored data, project data should be protected from physical damage as well as from tampering, loss, or theft. This is best done by limiting access to the data. Manager should decide which members are authorised to access and manage the stored data. Notebooks or questionnaires should be kept together in a safe, secure location away from public access, e. g. , a locked file cabinet. Privacy and anonymity can be assured by replacing names and other information with encoded identifiers, with the encoding key kept in a different secure location. Ultimately, the best way to protect data may be to fully educate all members of the team about data protection procedures. As a way of protection data and confidential information in Trust Royal Marsden Hospital there is mandatory Information Governance training yearly for every employee. Theft and hacking are particular concerns with electronic data. Many research projects involve the collection and maintenance of human subjects data and other confidential records that could become the target of hackers. The costs of reproducing, restoring, or replacing stolen data and the length of recovery time in the event of a theft highlight the need for protecting the computer system and the integrity of the data. Electronic data can be protected by taking the following precautions: * Protecting access to data. * Protecting your system by keeping up-to-date software and if using connection to the Internet, use a firewall. * regularly back up electronic data files and create both hard and soft copies. Data storage and backup is important because: * Properly storing data is a way to safeguard your information. * Data may need to be accessed in the future. * |   | 1. 8|   | Select and use effective backup procedures for systems and dataTo have an effective back up you will need to create a procedure for how you will back up data and restore your data in the case of loss. You will need to have a plan in place that details the steps to take when an emergency situation occurs. You will need to plan for each possible type of disaster and how you would recover from it. You will also need to decide who is responsible for restoring files and which files have highest priority, and have a communication plan to keep everyone informed of the restoration process. At my workplace there is a following procedure in place: each employee has been created a personal U: drive to store confidential information which can be accessed by logging in with individually created nickname and password (that requires change monthly). And on each PC each employee can perform under Microsoft system tools – back up which can be stored on a server. In future the backed up data can easily be restored if needed. | How to cite Unit 242 It Security for Users, Papers

Positive & Negative Impacts of Globalization-Samples for Students

Question: What is Globalisation and how does it affect domestic businesses? In your discussion, include both positive and negative impacts of Globalisation. Answer: The term globalization refers to the interconnection of countries through belonging to a common economic and social system. It is through globalization that markets across the globe are connected and also the modes of transport and communication are all connected. Globalization has made the world a global village from the fact that people from one continent can freely move and even conducts business without necessarily having to travel to another continent through E-commerce. Globalization has made commodities cheaper than in the home country a move that saw the United States and the European markets lose significant share as a result of globalized products. Positive impacts of globalization The proponents of globalization argue that there is a free trade that has the effect of promoting economic growth globally through job creation, increasing competition among companies thus enhancing high-quality products and lowering prices for commodities for the consumers (Collins 2015). Globalization presents an opportunity for the poor countries to infuse capital and technology enabling such countries to develop economically. It is through the sharing of prosperity among such countries that the frameworks of democracy and respect for human rights get enhanced. In the past, many countries failed to achieve democracy. Globalization has also increased the market for goods and services. It is a relief for companies that had a limited market for goods and services. In the past, companies had a problem to deal with when it came to searching for a market. But thanks to globalization, firms have now a wider market for their goods in other countries. On the other hand, consumers are relieved to form suffering from the few goods and services that limit the choice of their products. With the advent of globalization, consumers have a variety of products to pick from also they enjoy lower prices for the same products (Collins 2015). It is through globalization that labor mobility has been increased. People from one continent can freely move to other continents with the aim of working in such countries. Skills are freely transferable among countries. The advantage with labor mobility is the fact that firms are able to tap the best talent from other countries at reasonable prevailing wage rates. Global companies being set up in developing nations create employment opportunities for people working in such countries thus reducing poverty levels. It is also a source of revenue for the governments in such nations through taxation. Negative impacts of globalization One complaint about globalization is the fact that some countries become richer while others continue being poorer. Globalization has the effect making developed nations richer and the developing nations poorer. Globalization is a relief for the managers, entrepreneurs, and investors but on the other hand, it is starvation for the workers and the environment that gets degraded (Gandolfo and Trionfetti 2014). Globalization has a negative implication on jobs where most jobs are lost and transferred to lower cost countries. Some of the best talents get transferred to lower countries instead of being utilized in the developed nation. Globalization has also led dumping of products where cheap and unwanted commodities get discarded in the developing nations. Multinational companies also relocate to other countries with a bid to enjoy the tax havens in such countries in avoiding taxes (Kemp 2011). Products being developed overseas face the risk of being copied or stolen something for instance in countries like China such cases have been reported (Collins 2015). Globalization has led to the spread of diseases such as HIV/AIDS by travelers to the most remote areas in the world. Lastly, globalization has led to labor exploitation where children get used as laborers and also prisoners are forced to work under inhumane conditions. Safety gets ignored while producing cheap commodities. Human trafficking is also on the increase (Collins 2015). Comparison of comparative advantage and absolute advantage David Ricardo conceptualized the idea using very simple numerical examples in his earlier works in 1817 in one of the books entitled principles of political economy. Ricardos law was an improvement of the law of absolute advantage. Ricardo saw two countries where one country A was advanced in every productive activity than country B then the two countries would not from trade and the theory of absolute advantage had no solution to such an answer (Costinot and Donaldson 2012). However, with Ricardos theory of comparative advantage showed that such countries could still benefit from such a trade despite one country having the advantage in producing everything. Ricardos example of England and Portugal producing cloth and wine and labor was the only factor of production. Labor productivity varied among the countries and also industries. Ricardo assumed that Portugal was better positioned in the production of both goods (Costinot and Donaldson 2012). Country Wheat Wine Cost per man Hours Cost per man Hours England 15 30 Portugal 10 15 From the above diagram, it is evident that Portugal is better at producing wine. As such Portugal is said to have a comparative advantage in wine production. On the other hand, England is relatively better in wheat production and thus has a comparative advantage in wheat production. Absolute advantage According to Adam Smith, a country is said to have an absolute advantage when it is efficient in producing more of the product than any other country. Smith urged countries to specialize in producing countries that they had an absolute advantage. In economics, the principle of comparative advantage arises when a country is able to produce more goods and services than the competitors using the same resources (Schumacher 2012). In the world today, the concept of comparative advantage is more practical where there are countries have a comparative advantage in the production of some goods, for instance, Japan has a comparative advantage in steel production and for this reason, and Japan specializes in vehicle production compared to other countries in the world. However, with the absolute advantage, there are limitations in terms of its practicality where there are some countries that have an absolute advantage in the production of all goods. In such countries, it would be difficult to conduct trade since they produce everything relatively cheap and more goods at the same time. It is for such reasons that the theory of absolute advantage was improved by Ricardo through a more conventional approach of comparative advantage. Reasons behind a tariff A tariff is a tax imposed on goods and services either entering or leaving the country. In most cases, a tariff is meant to alter the balance of trade so as to ensure favorable terms of trade in favor of the country. For instance, a tariff on imports is meant to increase the cost of imports thus discouraging imports and favoring the local products. Protection of the local infant industries Tariffs are used in most cases to protect domestic industries that are in the initial stages from the external competition. President Trump may feel that there is need to shield the local industries from exploitation. The tariff acts as a protector by buying time that enables the firm to develop and grow into a competitive position (Hoffman 2016). National defense President Trump may want to impose tariffs in a particular segment of the American economy that provides sensitive products. Some industries are strategic more so n in the provision of weapons such as guns and warfare weapons to avoid international conflict with the Chinese suppliers and providers (Hoffman 2016). Aggressive trade practices Chinese products are known of flooding the United States market. It is the international competitors that employ aggressive tactics aimed at gaining market share that puts domestic producers out of competition and market. Mr. Trump may, therefore, advocate for tariffs to mitigate the effects of Chinese products employing unfair tactics. Environmental concerns Mr. Trump and his government will use tariffs in diminishing consumption of Chinese goods that do not adhere to the American environmental standards (Hoffman 2016). Domestic employment The Republican adopts policies that are aimed at creating job opportunities for the many citizens of America. In the case that domestic industries are unable to compete favorably with the Chinese firms, then the government will impose tariffs to discourage imports and encourage consumption of local products. The overall effect is that more jobs will be created thus enhancing job growth (Hoffman 2016). Effects of tariffs on consumers The American consumers of the Chinese products may be worse off as a result of the tariff. The tariff has the effect of raising the price of imported products and the domestic substitutes thus reducing the surplus that should be enjoyed by the consumer in the market. Supply of the imported commodity gets reduced as a result of increased costs in terms of tariffs. Suppliers always cut the quantity supplied with the introduction of taxes or tariffs decrease with supply means that less of the product is available and whenever supply is less there will be high prices for the commodities. Tariffs will impact on the consumer negatively as only a few commodities are available to choose from. The consumer has a limited variety thus limiting the choice of preference. Tariffs also reduce the purchasing power of the consumers as imports become expensive making the consumer purchase fewer quantities and also disposable income becomes less as money can only purchase few goods and services. References Collins, M. (2015). Forbes Welcome. [online] Forbes.com. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikecollins/2015/05/06/the-pros-and-cons-of-globalization/#15020c09ccce [Accessed 2 Aug. 2017]. Costinot, A. and Donaldson, D. (2012). Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage. Cambridge, Mass. Gandolfo, G. and Trionfetti, F. (2014). International trade theory and policy. Heidelberg: Springer. Hoffman, G. (2016). The Importance Of Imposing Tariffs On Imports - International Media Project. [online] International Media Project. Available at: https://www.incaproject.org/importance-imposing-tariffs-imports/ [Accessed 2 Aug. 2017]. Kemp, M. (2011). International trade theory. London: Routledge. Schumacher, R. (2012). Adam Smith's theory of absolute advantage and the use of doxography in the history of economics. Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics, 5(2), p.54

On How Hallucinations and Vision Assisted in Macbeths Mental Deterioration free essay sample

Hallucinations and visions are often noted as signs of mental instability. This means the person is losing touch with reality. The causes can be guilt, nerves, or simply a mental disorder. In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare the hallucinations and visions all contribute to the growing mental instability in Macbeth’s character. The image of a dagger with blood, the voices when killing Duncan and the ghost of Banquo all play key roles in the deterioration of Macbeth’s mental state. In Act 2 Macbeth and Lady Macbeth compose a plan to murder King Duncan. As Macbeth approaches Duncan’s room he notices a dagger floating in front of him â€Å"Is this a dagger I see before me? The handle towards my hand? Come, let me clutch thee: I have thee not, and yet I see thee still.† (2.1.33-35) Macbeth looks at the dagger in front of him that is pointing towards Duncan’s room and tries to grab it but he cannot. We will write a custom essay sample on On How Hallucinations and Vision Assisted in Macbeths Mental Deterioration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This frustrates Macbeth and then he begins to notice something else â€Å"And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood, Which was not so before. There’s no such thing: It is the bloody business which informs â€Å"(2.1.46-48). Macbeth has realized that blood was not oozing out of the dagger and he acknowledges that it is his nerves getting to his head and projecting this image. This incident shows Macbeth starting to display signs of mental instability. Secondly, Macbeth hears voices talking to him while he is killing Duncan. Macbeth explains to Lady Macbeth â€Å"Methought I heard a voice cry, ‘sleep no more Macbeth does murder sleep’, the innocent sleep,† (2.2.38-39). Macbeth is shaken by the event that just passed and tells Lady Macbeth that he believes he was cursed not to sleep again. This makes Macbeth feel regret right away for killing Duncan. Macbeth truly believes he has been cursed and this begins a mental barrier for Macbeth. As a result, later in the book Macbeth becomes restless and states †¦Better be with dead Whom we, to gain our peace, have sent to peace Than on the torture of the mind to lie In restless ecstasy. Duncan is in his grave. After life’s fitful fever, he sleeps well; (3.2.19-23) Macbeth is sleepless and having nightmares. He says that he would rather be dead than alive with a tortured mind. He is stating he knows he is not mentally and physically okay. He refers back to Duncan’s murder and comes across as almost jealous of Duncan for being able to sleep, yet this indicates that Duncan’s murder is still on his mind. Macbeth’s guilt leads to the result of voices in his head and his restlessness. Lastly, in Act 3 Macbeth hires murderers to ambush and kill Banquo and his son Fleance. While the murder is happening Macbeth is having a dinner party in which Banquo and Fleance should be at. As the banquet begins Macbeth see’s Banquo in his seat â€Å"†¦The time has been That when the brains were out, the man would die, And there end. But now they rise again† Macbeth speaks aloud about the murder and even though he gives no indication that it is Banquos murder he talks about he is in a state where he is so scared he doesn’t realize there is anyone else in the room. â€Å"Avant and quit my sight! Let the earth hide thee! Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold; Thou hast no speculation in those eyes† (3.4.93-95). At this point Macbeth is so disturbed he does not realize he is speaking aloud. His has been mentally drained by lack of sleep and emotionally drained by the guilt of murders that he has come to a breaking point where he is mentally unstable. In conclusion the hallucinations and visions in Macbeth all contribute to the growing mental instability in Macbeth’s character. The image of the dagger with blood, the voices when killing Duncan, and the ghost of Banquo are all proof that Macbeth’s grasp on reality gets less and less throughout the play. Shakespeare used these methods to display Imagery and foreshadowing throughout the play. These methods are still used in today’s writing to display a mental instability or spiritual encounter.

Greed Triggers Fraud And Corruption Essays

Greed Triggers Fraud And Corruption Essays Greed Triggers Fraud And Corruption Essay Greed Triggers Fraud And Corruption Essay Abstraction Purpose Greed triggers fraud and corruptness which is one of the biggest jobs we are confronting in our state as its increasing tremendously instead than diminishing. The intent of this survey is to measure the different types of fraud and corruptness and because it is such a wide subject we will concentrate on a life state of affairs which highlights how greed plays a immense function in the creative activity of fraud and corruptness. Design/ Methodology/ attack in deepness interview are conducted with a senior measure surveyor who has been working for a catching company for the past six old ages and has allowed me to be portion of the probe procedure that is being conducted. The ground behind the probe is to happen out how come they owe such a great sum of money for revenue enhancement but money had been deducted from their wages since they started working and grounds of being below the belt dismissed. : Findingss The employer of the catching company seems to be subtracting money from his employee s wages but non paying the revenue enhancement company without the cognition of his employees utilizing it for his ain private usage. Extra information was found that all his workers have nt been registered under the section of labor and the company has been running for a figure of old ages now and unjust dismissal was practised in this company. Originality/ Value The concluding consequences of this paper will assist us understand and mind that there are all sorts of corruptness in the industry. Ms Anonyms will manus over all her payments slips to the probe officers to turn out that she has been working and paying for her revenue enhancement over the past old ages while working and to besides open a instance of unjust dismissal and take it to the Commission for Conciliation Meditation and Arbitration ( CCMA ) . Footing OF REFERENCE PROPBLEM DESCRIPTION Fraud and corruptness play a large function in the building industry which this consequences in the hindering of development in our state and the state non traveling frontward. Purpose The Aim of the research is to convey the affair of fraud and corruptness to attending of the reader. To observe hazards in the industry and to supply users with relevant anti- corruptness resources. Aim To happen out what triggers fraud and corruptness To what extent is an single willing to lift out low to acquire what they want and non be caught How corruptness affects the Construction industry How it hinders development. Proposal Chapter one 1.1 Introduction Greed is a critical issue impacting the building industry and state as a whole as it leads to fraud and corruptness which plays a immense portion on the hindering of development in our state. Chapter 2 2.1 Greed The selfishness of an person of desiring more and non being satisfied of what they already have. 2.2 Fraud A condemnable offense done deliberately because of personal motivations which the person will derive that could impact another person. Corruptness Chapter three 3.1 Case survey Ms Anonymous finds herself in the center of a fraud and corruptness state of affairs that she was non cognizant off. 3.2 Tax invasion CONTENT Page PGE NO. Acknwoledgements Abstraction Footings of mention Chapter 1 Introduction Fraud and Corruption are wide and complex issues but their roots are embedded in a states societal or cultural history, Political and economic development and it includes both these committed by the authorities, employers, employees, direction staff, persons or a group of people who have come together with one docket merely and these committed is motivated by Greed. Greed tips and single into fraud and corruptness which besides triggers the power of the head, when a individual starts stalling about the benefits and what one shall derive they get down to get down plotting ways in doing these ideas into world and one time these ideas become world and the result is greater than expected they start mistreating the state of affairs into their ain advantage. The building industry sector is recognised as transporting the highest hazard of corruptness, the rate of corruptness and fraud in the industry is increasing tremendously instead than diminishing which is decelerating down the economic system and surprisingly it has become an ordinary and normal wont that is being practised. It is about like a swimming pool which everybody now wants to leap in and swim in the deep terminal non bearing in head that non everybody can swim. Chapter 2 History Greed Greed is that utmost desire to achieve or posses more than what one has such as stuff wealth which is normally more than what one needs and deserves. It besides involves utilizing being affluent to derive power over others besides denying others of wealth and power. It is fundamentally being selfish, thought of one s ego while at the same-time affecting other people negative manner. For illustration if a edifice inspector would accept a payoff from a contractor to O.K. and province that all work done is of good quality and status while that is non true than that is an act of being greedy because looking at the state of affairs the lone people deriving here are the edifice inspector and the contractor while in the long it will negatively impact the community as a whole or the people who will be in usage of the premises that is being built. Fraud In the state we live in fraud is a condemnable act that would disfavor an person or a group of people and it is besides a civil jurisprudence misdemeanor. Fraud is done deliberately which involves dishonesty for personal addition or harm to other persons. Fraud can be categorized into many signifiers for illustration larceny and peculation. In a instance of fraud you would hold for illustration a individual such an Alien ( non belonging in the industry ) who knows nil about the building and the whole background of it holding certifications measure uping him in raising undertakings in a instance that he does nt flush how foundation is done. Corruptness Corruptness in any instance is the act of being dishonest and mistreating power or the individual s place. Corruptness can go on anyplace and is normally committed by an person or a group of people such as functionaries or private individuals. Corruptness comes in many signifiers such as graft, nepotism, cheating, ballot tackle and extortion. An illustration of corruptness would be paying off kickbacks to acquire multi million rand contracts for doubtful grounds, holding to regularly donating immense amounts of money to possibly political parties or purchase expensive gifts such as autos deserving 1000000s rands in-order to acquire something in return. Corruptness and fraud come in with greed because they are actions stem from the deficiency of moralss and undermine human establishment and human dealingss. Chapter 3 CASE STUDY Ms Anonymous and Contracting Company. Ms Anonymous has been working for a catching company for the past 3 old ages as a senior measure surveyor for this company. She did more than merely her employed place where she besides worked in the civil side of the work and any other work that needed attending she would be lief to help in other words she was more of an plus to the company and they had mentioned that to her every bit good. The job started when Ms Anonymous received a missive that she needed to travel kind out her revenue enhancement returns. When she went to pay a visit at the revenue enhancement company ( SARS ) . S he was informed that she owes a batch of money and was asked why she has nt been paying for her revenue enhancement? She was shocked and told them that she has been paying for her revenue enhancement of all time since she started working for her recent company the past three old ages. They told her to bespeak and RIP5 signifier from her employer and besides to maintain all her wage faux pass as cogent evidence of payments for revenue enhancement when needed to look into her history and besides that her company was one of the companies that were chosen for audits in 2012 so they would be an probe with respects to her affair of non paying revenue enhancement and would take things from at that place. Audited accounts where subsequently on done of the company and it revealed that they owe a great trade sum of money and that they have non been paying whatsoever. They told Ms Anonymous to convey all grounds as cogent evidence that money has been deducted from her history for revenue enhancement and they had promised that no information sing with her history would he linked to the proprietors of the company and had assured her that she did nil wrong as they had called in her to question her about her revenue enhancement figure. Investigations continued as the revenue enhancement research workers kept coming into the office to make Company Audits and since they had no fiscal and bank statements and how much is being charged from the workers it pin pointed that they have been non paying such as VAT and PAYE. Thingss started to be small offish at work where they were all panicking and looking for fingers to indicate as they were non cognizant how and what had led SARS to come and scrutinize the company with gaining that SARS had chosen them themselves than rumor went out the Ms Anonymous had went to SARS. Subsequently on they made false wage faux pass stating as he was paid more than she was being paid so that it will demo as if she was the 1 who was non paying Tax but so Ms Anonymousness Payslips had proven all of that incorrect. A month subsequently Ms Anonymous was called into the Bosses office and was told that due to fiscal restraints they will hold allow her travel because they will non be able to afford and they will be giving her 3 months to look for her occupation and are willing to give her good recommendation. Tax The importance of paying revenue enhancement Cipher wants to pay revenue enhancement which is extremely apprehensible but that money is the lone money raised through revenue enhancement that the authorities relies on to bring forth public gross to pay for public disbursals that provide goods and services to the populace. Without revenue enhancement and people non paying it becomes hard for the authorities to seek run intoing the basic demands of the state. Both the province and the local authoritiess are imposed in roll uping revenue enhancement. There are different types of revenue enhancements that need to be paid which are: Income revenue enhancements Payroll revenue enhancements Gross saless revenue enhancements Excise revenue enhancements Wealth revenue enhancements Article I, Section 8, says: The Congress shall hold Power to lie And roll up Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and supply for the common Defence and general Welfare of the state Benefits and utilizations for revenue enhancement As mentioned above that revenue enhancement pays for goods and services for the populace such as: Education Public lodging Public public assistance such as security Unemployment benefits Highwaies and public transit Health Polices Fire protection Tax besides includes day-to-day runing disbursals of the authorities and besides wages of the authorities employees and besides involvement on debt owed by the authorities. It is extremely of import as the benefits of revenue enhancement keep the state in topographic point and running and besides making out to the people who are unable to afford from themselves. The roads we walk and drive in everyday is because of the revenue enhancement that is being paid, the public clinics and infirmaries that help our people to acquire intervention and be attended to when they can non afford when they are ill is because of revenue enhancement and the list goes on but all in all it is good for the state for revenue enhancement to being paid. Duties of income revenue enhancement remunerators The income revenue enhancement system is a voluntary act and conformity but it does non intend that revenue enhancement remunerators can merely pay revenue enhancement when they want to or non pay revenue enhancement when they besides do nt desire to. In other words everybody who is working must pay revenue enhancement and in order enemy people to follow with the legal duties the revenue enhancement jurisprudence must be just and house. When looking at being just, the authorities must be just plenty as to the people paying revenue enhancement habit resent him as the authorities and the leader of the state and besides resent paying revenue enhancement at the terminal of the twenty-four hours and doing certain that everybody complies. When looking at being steadfast, people who do nt follow with this jurisprudence and seek to duck it must be punished and made seen that they are perpetrating a condemnable offense and should pay in a heartfelt way for such action. Punishments for Tax Fraud In most instances people who do nt pay revenue enhancement are due to carelessness or negligence or normally done deliberately and happen ways to avoid paying revenue enhancement which is seen as revenue enhancement fraud and these people are faced with revenue enhancement involvement or revenue enhancement punishments. Tax fraud is when people who avoid paying revenue enhancement and are non honest to the authorities about their monthly/annually incomes so they can be taxed reasonably with respects to how much they earn and they lie in-order to pay small revenue enhancement which becomes unjust to the authorities and all other revenue enhancement remunerators. Tax fraud is a offense and people who commit such offense face high effects near to about 75 percent fiscal punishments. There is no manner of ducking and concealing from paying revenue enhancements because finally everybody is caught merely that it might non be now but when it comes to fraud and corruptness person ever slacks up and leaves foot prints. LABOUR RELATIONS ACT ( LRA ) The labour dealingss act is the relationship between people who work and those who they work for. The labour dealingss act was reshaped and implemented to make a good and working-full environment in the workplace. To give an employer and a employee to work under good and just rules cognizing their rights and restrictions and which lines non to traverse. To protect the employee against the employer and to besides protect the employer against the employee but in most instances employees are opening instances against their employers. it is hoped that democracy in the workplace will convey industrial stableness, economic growing, and labour peace. Judgment of dismissals of the Labour dealingss act Chapter VIII of the LRA concerns unjust dismissals. Section 185 records that every employee has the right non to be below the belt dismissed. The term dismissal is examined in the subdivision 186 and includes: A expiration effected by an employee with or without notice. An employer s failure to regenerate a fixed term contract when an employee has a sensible outlook Refusal of an employer to let an employee to return to work after pregnancy leave. Retrenchment When retrenchment is introduced it is normally when a company is confronting some fiscal troubles and is done for the followerss grounds, economic, structural or proficient grounds and before retrenchment takes topographic point a proper process needs to be taken in-order to let for retrenctment which is as follows: Consultation Immediately when the employer has no other options but to use retrenchment, he has to inform his employees buy keeping up a mass meeting where everybody is present or he could keep single meetings with the persons who will be involved in the retrenchment. Employees are allowed to interact with the employer and besides suggest other alternate ways which could be looked into such as cut downing working hours and besides workings yearss, the appropriate method to be used for the people are to be dismissed. Minutess can be taken in this instance as it would assist for misunderstood state of affairss and to protect both the employer and employees. When audience is taking place members of the trade brotherhoods can be present to protect their workers and all the committee for conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration ( CCMA ) can besides be present to step in in this affair. Unwraping of information in authorship When complementing retrenchment the administration or the employer should publish letters to the employees that will be affected because of retrenchment. The information should inform the employees of the pending and the day of the months of retrenchment, grounds why they will be intiating retrenchment, the servenrane wage that is proposed, the aid of the employer with respects with interviews and helping them in acquiring new employment if possible. Should at that place be any misinterpretation or any differences that could take topographic point than the employer shall mention to the written information to clear up any mis-understandingand these differences could be handled by the labour tribunal or the Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration ( CCMA ) . Opportunity for feedback The employer should give employees the chance to give feedback with the proposed retrenchment that will take topographic point, give them a opportunity to do presentations and whatever is said and presented must be taken inot consideration by the employer and seek to negociate as so all paryies are happy. The last in 1st out regulation should be applied when covering with retrenchment as you ca nt compare a individual who has been working for a company for the past 3 old ages over a individual who has been around the company for 2months. If the company is traveling through fiscal restraints and they wish to allow travel a few staff than they should see the last late employed staff. Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Data aggregation With the information gathered with respects to Miss Anonymouses instance we can pull up the undermentioned checklist: The company has been subtracting revenue enhancement from her wage She received a monthly income She enjoyed one-year and ill leave, UIF and PAYE benefits She has been working for the company for the past 3 old ages She signed an employment contract of reinstatement in September 2009 There is no cogent evidence of her being registered by her employer under the Labour tribunal Datas analysis With the collected information it shows that Miss Anonymouses was a full employee of the company which besides makes her autumn under the people who should be paying revenue enhancement to the authorities every-month. Having a expression at her payslip it clearly shows that money has been deducted for revenue enhancement from her payslip and with her cognition she has been paying for revenue enhancement. Extra information has been found that she was has non been registered under the labour tribunal significance she ca nt be taxed as they may non be cognizant of how much she gets paid which is would do it difficult for the revenue enhancement adult male to revenue enhancement her properly. The company is at mistake for utilizing moneyof the employees for their ain personal usage and without their cognition and this drunkard of behavior does fall under fraud and corruptness and is a offense. She has been working for the company for over the past three old ages so if the company was traveling through any kind of fiscal jobs and they saw utilizing the retrenchment system as portion of covering costs than they did non follow the proper processs of dismissal, she was non even consulted decently or given a opportunity to discourse the affair and negotiate or think of other alternate ways to avoid such dismissal. Re-solutions, suggestions When mentioning to the instance survey, the best possible stairss that could be taken here is that Ms Anonymous keeps all cogent evidence of her payments that she can stand for to SARS, compose each and every individual thing said to her and if they is anything asked or told to inquire for it in composing and signed for because in the state we live in anything is possible and to do life easy is holding all cogent evidence and grounds merely to be on the safe side. With respects to unjust dismissal, she should take the affair to the CCMA and describe the act of unjust dismissal because no proper processs where taken so it is either they will hold to counterbalance her even more or giver her, her occupation back if she is willing to take it back. Each and every employee has a right to be treated reasonably in the on the job environment and legal action can be taken in state of affairss like this. Chapter 6 Decision Fraud and corruptness is everyplace and is triggered by greed of an person and it reduces economic growing, quality of life and undermines authorities creditability and reduces effectiveness. The battle against them should be presented in a short period of clip in order to contend corruptness. Every federal section and bureau should work together continuously. Audit and probe s could happen any corruptness or fraud instances, but the most of import thing is to specify how to forestall and observe them at the earliest phase possible.

Block Diagram Of A Communication System Computer Science Essay

Block Diagram Of A Communication System Computer Science Essay The doorway to the nowadays wireless communication systems was opened by Guglielmo Marconi when he transmitted the three-dot Morse code for alphabet ‘ S ‘ by the use of electromagnetic waves over a 3-KM link in 1895. This laid the foundation of modern communication systems ranging from broadcasting, satellite transmission and radio eventually progressing to nowadays cell phones. It wouldn’t be wrong to say that wireless communication has indeed revolutionized our present society A sudden increase has been observed in the expansion of radio systems during the last two decades. We have seen great evolution in Wireless communication systems from 1G narrowband analog systems in the 1980s to the 2G narrowband digital systems in the 1990s. Now the existing 3G wideband multimedia systems are being deployed. In the meantime, research and progress in the future-generation wideband multimedia radio systems is vigorously being pursued worldwide. To connect mobile users to th e public switched network the United States introduced first radiotelephone service by the end of the 1940s. Improved Mobile Telephone Service was launched by Bell Systems in 1960s due to which lots of improvements like direct dialing and increase in bandwidth took place. IMTS formed the bases of the first analog cellular systems. The term cellular was used due to the fact that coverage areas were split cells, they had a low power transmitter and receiver. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Figure 1. Block diagram of a general communication system. ANALOG vs. DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Definition of Digital A method of storing, processing and transmitting information through the use of distinct electronic or optical pulses that represent the binary digits 0 and 1. Advantages of Digital low-priced reliable Easy to manipulate Flexible Compatible with other digital systems The information in digital form can only be transmitted without any degradation through a noisy channel In corporated networks Disadvantages of Digital Sampling Error As compared to analogue, larger bandwidth is required in digital communications for the transmission of the same information. Synchronization in the communications system is required to recognize the digital signals, but this is not the case with analogue systems. Definition of Analogue Analogue is a transmission standard that uses electrical impulses to emulate the audio waveform of sound. When you use a phone, the variations in your voice are transformed by a microphone into similar variations in an electrical signal and carried down the line to the exchange. Advantages of Analogue less bandwidth is required More Accurate Disadvantages of Analogue Signal loss and distortion can be seen due to the effects of random noise which is impossible to recover GENERATIONS OF CELLULAR SYSTEMS The concept of cellular telephony was introduced in AMPS, short for Advanced Mobile Phone Systems. AMPS divided the total area into small regi ons called cells and this was from where the concept of cellular telephony started. Cellular Systems had many advantages such as they increased quality, capacity, reliability and availability of mobile telephone network. The generations of cellular systems are described below. FIRST GENERATION CELLULAR SYSTEMS First generation cellular telephone systems were introduced in 1980’s. They were based on Analog Frequency Modulation technique. Each channel was assigned a sole frequency.

Relationship marketing - case of Tesco Dissertation

Relationship marketing - case of Tesco - Dissertation Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the relationship marketing is the form of marketing where the firms emphasize more on customer satisfaction and customer retention rather than pushing the product. The companies are rather taking a pull strategy for developing new product and acquire the customers. When a company has good relation with its customers then the customers will become loyal to the company and that will help the company also acquire new customers. In the era of globalization the competition between the firms are intense, and for retaining the market share the companies need to develop some innovative strategy of marketing so that the customers become more attracted to their products. When a company is trying to push the products then the customer might loss attraction for their products because the products of the concerned company may not be meet the customer requirements. The customers may shift their attention to any other brand where they can get the produ cts as per their requirements. As a result the revenue of the former company gets affected as well as their profit. So for retaining the market share the companies should stop using the push marketing strategy, instead they need to use the pull marketing strategy. The companies should consider the customer requirements with the most importance, and for become the market leader the companies should develop a good relationship with the customers. ... They have to face the political challenges of different countries and competition from the local competitors. The opportunities of the local competitors are that they can develop the relationship with the local customers easily where it is tough for the multinational competitors. The local companies can understand what the customers want as they are operating in the same country. But the companies which are operating globally they need to understand the local customers need for generating revenue and profit from the country. The requirements of the customers differ from one country to another. The companies need to understand the customer requirements of different countries for generating profit from that country. For knowing the customer requirements the multinational companies need to conduct the market research in that particular country. Through the marketing research processes the companies can come to know about the customer needs, the customer also feel that the company is try ing to utilizing their responses. Through these processes the companies can come close to the customers, the relation between the customer and the company get improved. For achieving the sustainable market share and gaining profit the companies need to make some long term strategies. The customers are the main stakeholders of the company. The customers naturally obtain for the company where they can get maximum value in a relatively lower price. The customers expect that the product will obviously meet their basic requirements and as well as they can get some more benefits from that product. The customers will go for the brand where they can get maximum benefits after meeting the basic requirements. In this report