How Society Is Affected By Drug Usage In Sport - 1540 Words

Drugs have been a problem in our society for years. They have been used and abused by many groups, including amateur and professional athletes. Drugs are also used for recreational use not just for performance enhancement. Society is directly influenced by the usage of drugs in sport. A study in 2002 showed that An estimated 3 million people aged 15 or older reported that they used marijuana or hashish at least once in the year before the survey This shows that 12.2% of all Canadians either have health related problems which condone the usage of illegal drugs or athletes have nothing better to do. Drug usage in sport is cheating whether it be to play better, to be more relaxed or to gain more muscle mass. Like many drugs such as cocaine†¦show more content†¦There is evidence saying that athletes would use drugs if they knew that taking them would ensure they would win but not be caught. This shows that if there was no risk many of our athletes would put their bodies under too much stress by putting harmful products into their systems. Illicit drugs such as Marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA (ecstasy) are all tested for in a standard NIDA (National Institute for Drug Abuse) approved drug test, they all have different detection periods such as: Marijuana: Single Use: 48-72 hours , Habitual Use: up to 12 weeks. Cocaine:48-72 hours. Amphetamines: 1-4 days. Ecstasy: Single use:1-3 days, Heavy use: 3-5 days. Although these periods are not accurate because they vary between person to person due to metabolism, tolerance, frequency of intake, fluid intake, amount and length of time youve been a user. When athletes get caught we see it all over media, but what about the ones that get away with the help from doctors and pharmacists?, How many are outsmarting the tests and how difficult is it? Typing drug testing into a search engine many athletes will come across websites promoting kits on how to pass such as www.passyourdrugtest.com and www.testclear.com, nothing is stopping them from gaining this information and purchasing certain kits which can reduce drug appearance in under 5 days. College athletes are getting tested for performance enhancing drugs moreShow MoreRelatedShould Supplements Be A Type Of Eating Disorder Among Men? Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagestraining, and how they view themselves physically in order to observe if supplements have a relationship with eating disorders. The results of the type fitness supplements that the majority of the participants of the survey used were whey protein, creatain, and L creatine. They also used legal enhancing drugs (APED), and worked out minimum twice a week. Also 29% said they worried about consuming on APED and 22% have use this supplements instead of eating. 8% had to cut down on their usage of supplementsRead MoreShould Sports Enhancing Drugs Or Peds Should Be Allowed? Professional Sports?1608 Words   |  7 Pages Clean or Not? Whether or not Performing enhancing drugs or PEDs should be allowed in professional sports is one of the most widely discussed topics amongst fans and league officials. It brings a lot of controversy as well as a lot of upside. Many people argue that there is an unfair advantage amongst â€Å"clean† athletes while others say that there are many health benefits given to the athletes taking these drugs. As most things in our society, there are many things that have pros and cons to theirRead MoreDrug Use in Todays School System Has Become the Norm1267 Words   |  5 Pagesscreams muffled by the terrible silence of our ignorance. Drug usage in today’s school system has become a social norm. As a society we tend to stick to what we know, we tend to follow suit and fall into social pressure. This social pressure isn’t the enemy; it’s what we must rely on for change. With encouragement and the right knowledge we can all positively influence each other and all h igh school students to take a stance against drug use. I grew up with a kid named Jon. He was one of my bestRead MoreRitalin: Not the Best Treatment for ADHD or ADD1009 Words   |  5 PagesRitalin and other drugs used to treat children with ADHD and ADD have been given a lot of negative and some positive press over the years, but what is alarming is the statistics which I discovered from Suellen May, the editor of Understanding Drugs: Ritalin and Related Drugs: â€Å"In 1996, an estimated 1.5 million American schoolchildren (approximately 3-5% of all U.S. schoolchildren) were taking Ritalin daily† (9). The number clearly doubled over the years, which indicates that the use of Ritalin isRead MoreThe Role Of Steroids And Performance Enhancement Drugs1931 Words   |  8 Pagesissues that may arise within the business environment. How a business operates, how business decisions are made, and how the people that are a part of that business are to be treated all comes into focus when an ethical problem arises that needs to be remed ied. While some business ethics are enforceable by law, how the different businesses go about practicing their ethics may vary. An example of this can be found in the area of sports. Within sports there are many business policies and practices in regardsRead MoreUnderstanding Rhabdomyolysis: Causes, Signs and Symptoms1605 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding the Syndrome, Complications, and Nursing Considerations Introduction Mild muscle pain can be a common side effect of physical means, such as intense workouts, over usage of muscle, and/or blocked blood vessels, or by chemical means, such as toxins, heat or drugs. Oftentimes, people who experience muscle aches can easily pinpoint the cause due to their knowledge of the stress, tension, or physical activity they have endured. Rhabdomyolysis, or dissolution of skeletal muscle, isRead MoreThe Baseball Hall Of Fame1814 Words   |  8 PagesBaseball’s ineligible list shall not be an eligible candidate.† To this day, there is no mention of performance enhancing drugs being a factor to keep someone off the ballot and into the hall of fame. With that being said, it proposes this question deeply rooted in ethics. 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If Jennifer Lawrence appears gorgeous in her red carpet gown, she is praised; if she is caught with a slice of pizza

Unit 242 It Security for Users Free Essays

[242] IT security for users [242. 1] Select and use appropriate methods to minimise security risk to IT systems and data Assessment Criteria | 1. 1|   | Describe the security issues that may threaten system performanceThe possible threats to system performance may be: unwanted e-mail (‘spam’), malicious programs (including viruses, trojans) and hackers. We will write a custom essay sample on Unit 242 It Security for Users or any similar topic only for you Order Now Security precautions can be taken beforehand such as use of access controls. We can configure anti-virus software, adjust firewall settings, adjust internet security settings; backup; store personal data and software safely; treat messages, files, software and attachments from unknown sources with caution; download security software updates. | | |   | | | 1. |   | Describe the threats to system and information security and integrityThe possible threats to information security may be: from theft, unauthorised access, accidental file deletion, use of removable storage media; malicious programs (including viruses, trojans), hackers, phishing and identity theft; unsecured and public networks, default passwords and settings, wireless networks, Bluetooth, portable and USB devices. |   | 1. |   | Keep information secure and manage personal access to information sources securelyProtect systems and data: Access controls: Physical controls: log-in details should be treated as credit ca rd information and not to be left lying anywhere with an easy access, locks, passwords, access levels. |   | 1. 5|   | Describe ways to protect hardware, software and data and minimise security riskThere are steps to prevent threats to system and information: access to information sources should be allowed with Username and password/PIN selection. The system set up on password strength; how and when to change passwords (monthly); online identity/profile; Real name, pseudonym; what personal information to include, who can see the information; Respect confidentiality, avoid inappropriate disclosure of information. | | |   | | | 1. 7|   | Describe why it is important to backup data and how to do so securelyData backup involves the storing of files from your computer in another location. In this way, if there is ever any loss of data on your primary machine, you still have your data in backup in order to restore those files. Read this  Chapter 2 – Why Security is Needed In order to maintain the integrity of stored data, project data should be protected from physical damage as well as from tampering, loss, or theft. This is best done by limiting access to the data. Manager should decide which members are authorised to access and manage the stored data. Notebooks or questionnaires should be kept together in a safe, secure location away from public access, e. g. , a locked file cabinet. Privacy and anonymity can be assured by replacing names and other information with encoded identifiers, with the encoding key kept in a different secure location. Ultimately, the best way to protect data may be to fully educate all members of the team about data protection procedures. As a way of protection data and confidential information in Trust Royal Marsden Hospital there is mandatory Information Governance training yearly for every employee. Theft and hacking are particular concerns with electronic data. Many research projects involve the collection and maintenance of human subjects data and other confidential records that could become the target of hackers. The costs of reproducing, restoring, or replacing stolen data and the length of recovery time in the event of a theft highlight the need for protecting the computer system and the integrity of the data. Electronic data can be protected by taking the following precautions: * Protecting access to data. * Protecting your system by keeping up-to-date software and if using connection to the Internet, use a firewall. * regularly back up electronic data files and create both hard and soft copies. Data storage and backup is important because: * Properly storing data is a way to safeguard your information. * Data may need to be accessed in the future. * |   | 1. 8|   | Select and use effective backup procedures for systems and dataTo have an effective back up you will need to create a procedure for how you will back up data and restore your data in the case of loss. You will need to have a plan in place that details the steps to take when an emergency situation occurs. You will need to plan for each possible type of disaster and how you would recover from it. You will also need to decide who is responsible for restoring files and which files have highest priority, and have a communication plan to keep everyone informed of the restoration process. At my workplace there is a following procedure in place: each employee has been created a personal U: drive to store confidential information which can be accessed by logging in with individually created nickname and password (that requires change monthly). And on each PC each employee can perform under Microsoft system tools – back up which can be stored on a server. In future the backed up data can easily be restored if needed. | How to cite Unit 242 It Security for Users, Papers

Positive & Negative Impacts of Globalization-Samples for Students

Question: What is Globalisation and how does it affect domestic businesses? In your discussion, include both positive and negative impacts of Globalisation. Answer: The term globalization refers to the interconnection of countries through belonging to a common economic and social system. It is through globalization that markets across the globe are connected and also the modes of transport and communication are all connected. Globalization has made the world a global village from the fact that people from one continent can freely move and even conducts business without necessarily having to travel to another continent through E-commerce. Globalization has made commodities cheaper than in the home country a move that saw the United States and the European markets lose significant share as a result of globalized products. Positive impacts of globalization The proponents of globalization argue that there is a free trade that has the effect of promoting economic growth globally through job creation, increasing competition among companies thus enhancing high-quality products and lowering prices for commodities for the consumers (Collins 2015). Globalization presents an opportunity for the poor countries to infuse capital and technology enabling such countries to develop economically. It is through the sharing of prosperity among such countries that the frameworks of democracy and respect for human rights get enhanced. In the past, many countries failed to achieve democracy. Globalization has also increased the market for goods and services. It is a relief for companies that had a limited market for goods and services. In the past, companies had a problem to deal with when it came to searching for a market. But thanks to globalization, firms have now a wider market for their goods in other countries. On the other hand, consumers are relieved to form suffering from the few goods and services that limit the choice of their products. With the advent of globalization, consumers have a variety of products to pick from also they enjoy lower prices for the same products (Collins 2015). It is through globalization that labor mobility has been increased. People from one continent can freely move to other continents with the aim of working in such countries. Skills are freely transferable among countries. The advantage with labor mobility is the fact that firms are able to tap the best talent from other countries at reasonable prevailing wage rates. Global companies being set up in developing nations create employment opportunities for people working in such countries thus reducing poverty levels. It is also a source of revenue for the governments in such nations through taxation. Negative impacts of globalization One complaint about globalization is the fact that some countries become richer while others continue being poorer. Globalization has the effect making developed nations richer and the developing nations poorer. Globalization is a relief for the managers, entrepreneurs, and investors but on the other hand, it is starvation for the workers and the environment that gets degraded (Gandolfo and Trionfetti 2014). Globalization has a negative implication on jobs where most jobs are lost and transferred to lower cost countries. Some of the best talents get transferred to lower countries instead of being utilized in the developed nation. Globalization has also led dumping of products where cheap and unwanted commodities get discarded in the developing nations. Multinational companies also relocate to other countries with a bid to enjoy the tax havens in such countries in avoiding taxes (Kemp 2011). Products being developed overseas face the risk of being copied or stolen something for instance in countries like China such cases have been reported (Collins 2015). Globalization has led to the spread of diseases such as HIV/AIDS by travelers to the most remote areas in the world. Lastly, globalization has led to labor exploitation where children get used as laborers and also prisoners are forced to work under inhumane conditions. Safety gets ignored while producing cheap commodities. Human trafficking is also on the increase (Collins 2015). Comparison of comparative advantage and absolute advantage David Ricardo conceptualized the idea using very simple numerical examples in his earlier works in 1817 in one of the books entitled principles of political economy. Ricardos law was an improvement of the law of absolute advantage. Ricardo saw two countries where one country A was advanced in every productive activity than country B then the two countries would not from trade and the theory of absolute advantage had no solution to such an answer (Costinot and Donaldson 2012). However, with Ricardos theory of comparative advantage showed that such countries could still benefit from such a trade despite one country having the advantage in producing everything. Ricardos example of England and Portugal producing cloth and wine and labor was the only factor of production. Labor productivity varied among the countries and also industries. Ricardo assumed that Portugal was better positioned in the production of both goods (Costinot and Donaldson 2012). Country Wheat Wine Cost per man Hours Cost per man Hours England 15 30 Portugal 10 15 From the above diagram, it is evident that Portugal is better at producing wine. As such Portugal is said to have a comparative advantage in wine production. On the other hand, England is relatively better in wheat production and thus has a comparative advantage in wheat production. Absolute advantage According to Adam Smith, a country is said to have an absolute advantage when it is efficient in producing more of the product than any other country. Smith urged countries to specialize in producing countries that they had an absolute advantage. In economics, the principle of comparative advantage arises when a country is able to produce more goods and services than the competitors using the same resources (Schumacher 2012). In the world today, the concept of comparative advantage is more practical where there are countries have a comparative advantage in the production of some goods, for instance, Japan has a comparative advantage in steel production and for this reason, and Japan specializes in vehicle production compared to other countries in the world. However, with the absolute advantage, there are limitations in terms of its practicality where there are some countries that have an absolute advantage in the production of all goods. In such countries, it would be difficult to conduct trade since they produce everything relatively cheap and more goods at the same time. It is for such reasons that the theory of absolute advantage was improved by Ricardo through a more conventional approach of comparative advantage. Reasons behind a tariff A tariff is a tax imposed on goods and services either entering or leaving the country. In most cases, a tariff is meant to alter the balance of trade so as to ensure favorable terms of trade in favor of the country. For instance, a tariff on imports is meant to increase the cost of imports thus discouraging imports and favoring the local products. Protection of the local infant industries Tariffs are used in most cases to protect domestic industries that are in the initial stages from the external competition. President Trump may feel that there is need to shield the local industries from exploitation. The tariff acts as a protector by buying time that enables the firm to develop and grow into a competitive position (Hoffman 2016). National defense President Trump may want to impose tariffs in a particular segment of the American economy that provides sensitive products. Some industries are strategic more so n in the provision of weapons such as guns and warfare weapons to avoid international conflict with the Chinese suppliers and providers (Hoffman 2016). Aggressive trade practices Chinese products are known of flooding the United States market. It is the international competitors that employ aggressive tactics aimed at gaining market share that puts domestic producers out of competition and market. Mr. Trump may, therefore, advocate for tariffs to mitigate the effects of Chinese products employing unfair tactics. Environmental concerns Mr. Trump and his government will use tariffs in diminishing consumption of Chinese goods that do not adhere to the American environmental standards (Hoffman 2016). Domestic employment The Republican adopts policies that are aimed at creating job opportunities for the many citizens of America. In the case that domestic industries are unable to compete favorably with the Chinese firms, then the government will impose tariffs to discourage imports and encourage consumption of local products. The overall effect is that more jobs will be created thus enhancing job growth (Hoffman 2016). Effects of tariffs on consumers The American consumers of the Chinese products may be worse off as a result of the tariff. The tariff has the effect of raising the price of imported products and the domestic substitutes thus reducing the surplus that should be enjoyed by the consumer in the market. Supply of the imported commodity gets reduced as a result of increased costs in terms of tariffs. Suppliers always cut the quantity supplied with the introduction of taxes or tariffs decrease with supply means that less of the product is available and whenever supply is less there will be high prices for the commodities. Tariffs will impact on the consumer negatively as only a few commodities are available to choose from. The consumer has a limited variety thus limiting the choice of preference. Tariffs also reduce the purchasing power of the consumers as imports become expensive making the consumer purchase fewer quantities and also disposable income becomes less as money can only purchase few goods and services. References Collins, M. (2015). Forbes Welcome. [online] Forbes.com. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikecollins/2015/05/06/the-pros-and-cons-of-globalization/#15020c09ccce [Accessed 2 Aug. 2017]. Costinot, A. and Donaldson, D. (2012). Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage. Cambridge, Mass. Gandolfo, G. and Trionfetti, F. (2014). International trade theory and policy. Heidelberg: Springer. Hoffman, G. (2016). The Importance Of Imposing Tariffs On Imports - International Media Project. [online] International Media Project. Available at: https://www.incaproject.org/importance-imposing-tariffs-imports/ [Accessed 2 Aug. 2017]. Kemp, M. (2011). International trade theory. London: Routledge. Schumacher, R. (2012). Adam Smith's theory of absolute advantage and the use of doxography in the history of economics. Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics, 5(2), p.54

On How Hallucinations and Vision Assisted in Macbeths Mental Deterioration free essay sample

Hallucinations and visions are often noted as signs of mental instability. This means the person is losing touch with reality. The causes can be guilt, nerves, or simply a mental disorder. In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare the hallucinations and visions all contribute to the growing mental instability in Macbeth’s character. The image of a dagger with blood, the voices when killing Duncan and the ghost of Banquo all play key roles in the deterioration of Macbeth’s mental state. In Act 2 Macbeth and Lady Macbeth compose a plan to murder King Duncan. As Macbeth approaches Duncan’s room he notices a dagger floating in front of him â€Å"Is this a dagger I see before me? The handle towards my hand? Come, let me clutch thee: I have thee not, and yet I see thee still.† (2.1.33-35) Macbeth looks at the dagger in front of him that is pointing towards Duncan’s room and tries to grab it but he cannot. We will write a custom essay sample on On How Hallucinations and Vision Assisted in Macbeths Mental Deterioration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This frustrates Macbeth and then he begins to notice something else â€Å"And on thy blade and dudgeon gouts of blood, Which was not so before. There’s no such thing: It is the bloody business which informs â€Å"(2.1.46-48). Macbeth has realized that blood was not oozing out of the dagger and he acknowledges that it is his nerves getting to his head and projecting this image. This incident shows Macbeth starting to display signs of mental instability. Secondly, Macbeth hears voices talking to him while he is killing Duncan. Macbeth explains to Lady Macbeth â€Å"Methought I heard a voice cry, ‘sleep no more Macbeth does murder sleep’, the innocent sleep,† (2.2.38-39). Macbeth is shaken by the event that just passed and tells Lady Macbeth that he believes he was cursed not to sleep again. This makes Macbeth feel regret right away for killing Duncan. Macbeth truly believes he has been cursed and this begins a mental barrier for Macbeth. As a result, later in the book Macbeth becomes restless and states †¦Better be with dead Whom we, to gain our peace, have sent to peace Than on the torture of the mind to lie In restless ecstasy. Duncan is in his grave. After life’s fitful fever, he sleeps well; (3.2.19-23) Macbeth is sleepless and having nightmares. He says that he would rather be dead than alive with a tortured mind. He is stating he knows he is not mentally and physically okay. He refers back to Duncan’s murder and comes across as almost jealous of Duncan for being able to sleep, yet this indicates that Duncan’s murder is still on his mind. Macbeth’s guilt leads to the result of voices in his head and his restlessness. Lastly, in Act 3 Macbeth hires murderers to ambush and kill Banquo and his son Fleance. While the murder is happening Macbeth is having a dinner party in which Banquo and Fleance should be at. As the banquet begins Macbeth see’s Banquo in his seat â€Å"†¦The time has been That when the brains were out, the man would die, And there end. But now they rise again† Macbeth speaks aloud about the murder and even though he gives no indication that it is Banquos murder he talks about he is in a state where he is so scared he doesn’t realize there is anyone else in the room. â€Å"Avant and quit my sight! Let the earth hide thee! Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold; Thou hast no speculation in those eyes† (3.4.93-95). At this point Macbeth is so disturbed he does not realize he is speaking aloud. His has been mentally drained by lack of sleep and emotionally drained by the guilt of murders that he has come to a breaking point where he is mentally unstable. In conclusion the hallucinations and visions in Macbeth all contribute to the growing mental instability in Macbeth’s character. The image of the dagger with blood, the voices when killing Duncan, and the ghost of Banquo are all proof that Macbeth’s grasp on reality gets less and less throughout the play. Shakespeare used these methods to display Imagery and foreshadowing throughout the play. These methods are still used in today’s writing to display a mental instability or spiritual encounter.

Greed Triggers Fraud And Corruption Essays

Greed Triggers Fraud And Corruption Essays Greed Triggers Fraud And Corruption Essay Greed Triggers Fraud And Corruption Essay Abstraction Purpose Greed triggers fraud and corruptness which is one of the biggest jobs we are confronting in our state as its increasing tremendously instead than diminishing. The intent of this survey is to measure the different types of fraud and corruptness and because it is such a wide subject we will concentrate on a life state of affairs which highlights how greed plays a immense function in the creative activity of fraud and corruptness. Design/ Methodology/ attack in deepness interview are conducted with a senior measure surveyor who has been working for a catching company for the past six old ages and has allowed me to be portion of the probe procedure that is being conducted. The ground behind the probe is to happen out how come they owe such a great sum of money for revenue enhancement but money had been deducted from their wages since they started working and grounds of being below the belt dismissed. : Findingss The employer of the catching company seems to be subtracting money from his employee s wages but non paying the revenue enhancement company without the cognition of his employees utilizing it for his ain private usage. Extra information was found that all his workers have nt been registered under the section of labor and the company has been running for a figure of old ages now and unjust dismissal was practised in this company. Originality/ Value The concluding consequences of this paper will assist us understand and mind that there are all sorts of corruptness in the industry. Ms Anonyms will manus over all her payments slips to the probe officers to turn out that she has been working and paying for her revenue enhancement over the past old ages while working and to besides open a instance of unjust dismissal and take it to the Commission for Conciliation Meditation and Arbitration ( CCMA ) . Footing OF REFERENCE PROPBLEM DESCRIPTION Fraud and corruptness play a large function in the building industry which this consequences in the hindering of development in our state and the state non traveling frontward. Purpose The Aim of the research is to convey the affair of fraud and corruptness to attending of the reader. To observe hazards in the industry and to supply users with relevant anti- corruptness resources. Aim To happen out what triggers fraud and corruptness To what extent is an single willing to lift out low to acquire what they want and non be caught How corruptness affects the Construction industry How it hinders development. Proposal Chapter one 1.1 Introduction Greed is a critical issue impacting the building industry and state as a whole as it leads to fraud and corruptness which plays a immense portion on the hindering of development in our state. Chapter 2 2.1 Greed The selfishness of an person of desiring more and non being satisfied of what they already have. 2.2 Fraud A condemnable offense done deliberately because of personal motivations which the person will derive that could impact another person. Corruptness Chapter three 3.1 Case survey Ms Anonymous finds herself in the center of a fraud and corruptness state of affairs that she was non cognizant off. 3.2 Tax invasion CONTENT Page PGE NO. Acknwoledgements Abstraction Footings of mention Chapter 1 Introduction Fraud and Corruption are wide and complex issues but their roots are embedded in a states societal or cultural history, Political and economic development and it includes both these committed by the authorities, employers, employees, direction staff, persons or a group of people who have come together with one docket merely and these committed is motivated by Greed. Greed tips and single into fraud and corruptness which besides triggers the power of the head, when a individual starts stalling about the benefits and what one shall derive they get down to get down plotting ways in doing these ideas into world and one time these ideas become world and the result is greater than expected they start mistreating the state of affairs into their ain advantage. The building industry sector is recognised as transporting the highest hazard of corruptness, the rate of corruptness and fraud in the industry is increasing tremendously instead than diminishing which is decelerating down the economic system and surprisingly it has become an ordinary and normal wont that is being practised. It is about like a swimming pool which everybody now wants to leap in and swim in the deep terminal non bearing in head that non everybody can swim. Chapter 2 History Greed Greed is that utmost desire to achieve or posses more than what one has such as stuff wealth which is normally more than what one needs and deserves. It besides involves utilizing being affluent to derive power over others besides denying others of wealth and power. It is fundamentally being selfish, thought of one s ego while at the same-time affecting other people negative manner. For illustration if a edifice inspector would accept a payoff from a contractor to O.K. and province that all work done is of good quality and status while that is non true than that is an act of being greedy because looking at the state of affairs the lone people deriving here are the edifice inspector and the contractor while in the long it will negatively impact the community as a whole or the people who will be in usage of the premises that is being built. Fraud In the state we live in fraud is a condemnable act that would disfavor an person or a group of people and it is besides a civil jurisprudence misdemeanor. Fraud is done deliberately which involves dishonesty for personal addition or harm to other persons. Fraud can be categorized into many signifiers for illustration larceny and peculation. In a instance of fraud you would hold for illustration a individual such an Alien ( non belonging in the industry ) who knows nil about the building and the whole background of it holding certifications measure uping him in raising undertakings in a instance that he does nt flush how foundation is done. Corruptness Corruptness in any instance is the act of being dishonest and mistreating power or the individual s place. Corruptness can go on anyplace and is normally committed by an person or a group of people such as functionaries or private individuals. Corruptness comes in many signifiers such as graft, nepotism, cheating, ballot tackle and extortion. An illustration of corruptness would be paying off kickbacks to acquire multi million rand contracts for doubtful grounds, holding to regularly donating immense amounts of money to possibly political parties or purchase expensive gifts such as autos deserving 1000000s rands in-order to acquire something in return. Corruptness and fraud come in with greed because they are actions stem from the deficiency of moralss and undermine human establishment and human dealingss. Chapter 3 CASE STUDY Ms Anonymous and Contracting Company. Ms Anonymous has been working for a catching company for the past 3 old ages as a senior measure surveyor for this company. She did more than merely her employed place where she besides worked in the civil side of the work and any other work that needed attending she would be lief to help in other words she was more of an plus to the company and they had mentioned that to her every bit good. The job started when Ms Anonymous received a missive that she needed to travel kind out her revenue enhancement returns. When she went to pay a visit at the revenue enhancement company ( SARS ) . S he was informed that she owes a batch of money and was asked why she has nt been paying for her revenue enhancement? She was shocked and told them that she has been paying for her revenue enhancement of all time since she started working for her recent company the past three old ages. They told her to bespeak and RIP5 signifier from her employer and besides to maintain all her wage faux pass as cogent evidence of payments for revenue enhancement when needed to look into her history and besides that her company was one of the companies that were chosen for audits in 2012 so they would be an probe with respects to her affair of non paying revenue enhancement and would take things from at that place. Audited accounts where subsequently on done of the company and it revealed that they owe a great trade sum of money and that they have non been paying whatsoever. They told Ms Anonymous to convey all grounds as cogent evidence that money has been deducted from her history for revenue enhancement and they had promised that no information sing with her history would he linked to the proprietors of the company and had assured her that she did nil wrong as they had called in her to question her about her revenue enhancement figure. Investigations continued as the revenue enhancement research workers kept coming into the office to make Company Audits and since they had no fiscal and bank statements and how much is being charged from the workers it pin pointed that they have been non paying such as VAT and PAYE. Thingss started to be small offish at work where they were all panicking and looking for fingers to indicate as they were non cognizant how and what had led SARS to come and scrutinize the company with gaining that SARS had chosen them themselves than rumor went out the Ms Anonymous had went to SARS. Subsequently on they made false wage faux pass stating as he was paid more than she was being paid so that it will demo as if she was the 1 who was non paying Tax but so Ms Anonymousness Payslips had proven all of that incorrect. A month subsequently Ms Anonymous was called into the Bosses office and was told that due to fiscal restraints they will hold allow her travel because they will non be able to afford and they will be giving her 3 months to look for her occupation and are willing to give her good recommendation. Tax The importance of paying revenue enhancement Cipher wants to pay revenue enhancement which is extremely apprehensible but that money is the lone money raised through revenue enhancement that the authorities relies on to bring forth public gross to pay for public disbursals that provide goods and services to the populace. Without revenue enhancement and people non paying it becomes hard for the authorities to seek run intoing the basic demands of the state. Both the province and the local authoritiess are imposed in roll uping revenue enhancement. There are different types of revenue enhancements that need to be paid which are: Income revenue enhancements Payroll revenue enhancements Gross saless revenue enhancements Excise revenue enhancements Wealth revenue enhancements Article I, Section 8, says: The Congress shall hold Power to lie And roll up Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and supply for the common Defence and general Welfare of the state Benefits and utilizations for revenue enhancement As mentioned above that revenue enhancement pays for goods and services for the populace such as: Education Public lodging Public public assistance such as security Unemployment benefits Highwaies and public transit Health Polices Fire protection Tax besides includes day-to-day runing disbursals of the authorities and besides wages of the authorities employees and besides involvement on debt owed by the authorities. It is extremely of import as the benefits of revenue enhancement keep the state in topographic point and running and besides making out to the people who are unable to afford from themselves. The roads we walk and drive in everyday is because of the revenue enhancement that is being paid, the public clinics and infirmaries that help our people to acquire intervention and be attended to when they can non afford when they are ill is because of revenue enhancement and the list goes on but all in all it is good for the state for revenue enhancement to being paid. Duties of income revenue enhancement remunerators The income revenue enhancement system is a voluntary act and conformity but it does non intend that revenue enhancement remunerators can merely pay revenue enhancement when they want to or non pay revenue enhancement when they besides do nt desire to. In other words everybody who is working must pay revenue enhancement and in order enemy people to follow with the legal duties the revenue enhancement jurisprudence must be just and house. When looking at being just, the authorities must be just plenty as to the people paying revenue enhancement habit resent him as the authorities and the leader of the state and besides resent paying revenue enhancement at the terminal of the twenty-four hours and doing certain that everybody complies. When looking at being steadfast, people who do nt follow with this jurisprudence and seek to duck it must be punished and made seen that they are perpetrating a condemnable offense and should pay in a heartfelt way for such action. Punishments for Tax Fraud In most instances people who do nt pay revenue enhancement are due to carelessness or negligence or normally done deliberately and happen ways to avoid paying revenue enhancement which is seen as revenue enhancement fraud and these people are faced with revenue enhancement involvement or revenue enhancement punishments. Tax fraud is when people who avoid paying revenue enhancement and are non honest to the authorities about their monthly/annually incomes so they can be taxed reasonably with respects to how much they earn and they lie in-order to pay small revenue enhancement which becomes unjust to the authorities and all other revenue enhancement remunerators. Tax fraud is a offense and people who commit such offense face high effects near to about 75 percent fiscal punishments. There is no manner of ducking and concealing from paying revenue enhancements because finally everybody is caught merely that it might non be now but when it comes to fraud and corruptness person ever slacks up and leaves foot prints. LABOUR RELATIONS ACT ( LRA ) The labour dealingss act is the relationship between people who work and those who they work for. The labour dealingss act was reshaped and implemented to make a good and working-full environment in the workplace. To give an employer and a employee to work under good and just rules cognizing their rights and restrictions and which lines non to traverse. To protect the employee against the employer and to besides protect the employer against the employee but in most instances employees are opening instances against their employers. it is hoped that democracy in the workplace will convey industrial stableness, economic growing, and labour peace. Judgment of dismissals of the Labour dealingss act Chapter VIII of the LRA concerns unjust dismissals. Section 185 records that every employee has the right non to be below the belt dismissed. The term dismissal is examined in the subdivision 186 and includes: A expiration effected by an employee with or without notice. An employer s failure to regenerate a fixed term contract when an employee has a sensible outlook Refusal of an employer to let an employee to return to work after pregnancy leave. Retrenchment When retrenchment is introduced it is normally when a company is confronting some fiscal troubles and is done for the followerss grounds, economic, structural or proficient grounds and before retrenchment takes topographic point a proper process needs to be taken in-order to let for retrenctment which is as follows: Consultation Immediately when the employer has no other options but to use retrenchment, he has to inform his employees buy keeping up a mass meeting where everybody is present or he could keep single meetings with the persons who will be involved in the retrenchment. Employees are allowed to interact with the employer and besides suggest other alternate ways which could be looked into such as cut downing working hours and besides workings yearss, the appropriate method to be used for the people are to be dismissed. Minutess can be taken in this instance as it would assist for misunderstood state of affairss and to protect both the employer and employees. When audience is taking place members of the trade brotherhoods can be present to protect their workers and all the committee for conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration ( CCMA ) can besides be present to step in in this affair. Unwraping of information in authorship When complementing retrenchment the administration or the employer should publish letters to the employees that will be affected because of retrenchment. The information should inform the employees of the pending and the day of the months of retrenchment, grounds why they will be intiating retrenchment, the servenrane wage that is proposed, the aid of the employer with respects with interviews and helping them in acquiring new employment if possible. Should at that place be any misinterpretation or any differences that could take topographic point than the employer shall mention to the written information to clear up any mis-understandingand these differences could be handled by the labour tribunal or the Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration ( CCMA ) . Opportunity for feedback The employer should give employees the chance to give feedback with the proposed retrenchment that will take topographic point, give them a opportunity to do presentations and whatever is said and presented must be taken inot consideration by the employer and seek to negociate as so all paryies are happy. The last in 1st out regulation should be applied when covering with retrenchment as you ca nt compare a individual who has been working for a company for the past 3 old ages over a individual who has been around the company for 2months. If the company is traveling through fiscal restraints and they wish to allow travel a few staff than they should see the last late employed staff. Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Data aggregation With the information gathered with respects to Miss Anonymouses instance we can pull up the undermentioned checklist: The company has been subtracting revenue enhancement from her wage She received a monthly income She enjoyed one-year and ill leave, UIF and PAYE benefits She has been working for the company for the past 3 old ages She signed an employment contract of reinstatement in September 2009 There is no cogent evidence of her being registered by her employer under the Labour tribunal Datas analysis With the collected information it shows that Miss Anonymouses was a full employee of the company which besides makes her autumn under the people who should be paying revenue enhancement to the authorities every-month. Having a expression at her payslip it clearly shows that money has been deducted for revenue enhancement from her payslip and with her cognition she has been paying for revenue enhancement. Extra information has been found that she was has non been registered under the labour tribunal significance she ca nt be taxed as they may non be cognizant of how much she gets paid which is would do it difficult for the revenue enhancement adult male to revenue enhancement her properly. The company is at mistake for utilizing moneyof the employees for their ain personal usage and without their cognition and this drunkard of behavior does fall under fraud and corruptness and is a offense. She has been working for the company for over the past three old ages so if the company was traveling through any kind of fiscal jobs and they saw utilizing the retrenchment system as portion of covering costs than they did non follow the proper processs of dismissal, she was non even consulted decently or given a opportunity to discourse the affair and negotiate or think of other alternate ways to avoid such dismissal. Re-solutions, suggestions When mentioning to the instance survey, the best possible stairss that could be taken here is that Ms Anonymous keeps all cogent evidence of her payments that she can stand for to SARS, compose each and every individual thing said to her and if they is anything asked or told to inquire for it in composing and signed for because in the state we live in anything is possible and to do life easy is holding all cogent evidence and grounds merely to be on the safe side. With respects to unjust dismissal, she should take the affair to the CCMA and describe the act of unjust dismissal because no proper processs where taken so it is either they will hold to counterbalance her even more or giver her, her occupation back if she is willing to take it back. Each and every employee has a right to be treated reasonably in the on the job environment and legal action can be taken in state of affairss like this. Chapter 6 Decision Fraud and corruptness is everyplace and is triggered by greed of an person and it reduces economic growing, quality of life and undermines authorities creditability and reduces effectiveness. The battle against them should be presented in a short period of clip in order to contend corruptness. Every federal section and bureau should work together continuously. Audit and probe s could happen any corruptness or fraud instances, but the most of import thing is to specify how to forestall and observe them at the earliest phase possible.

Block Diagram Of A Communication System Computer Science Essay

Block Diagram Of A Communication System Computer Science Essay The doorway to the nowadays wireless communication systems was opened by Guglielmo Marconi when he transmitted the three-dot Morse code for alphabet ‘ S ‘ by the use of electromagnetic waves over a 3-KM link in 1895. This laid the foundation of modern communication systems ranging from broadcasting, satellite transmission and radio eventually progressing to nowadays cell phones. It wouldn’t be wrong to say that wireless communication has indeed revolutionized our present society A sudden increase has been observed in the expansion of radio systems during the last two decades. We have seen great evolution in Wireless communication systems from 1G narrowband analog systems in the 1980s to the 2G narrowband digital systems in the 1990s. Now the existing 3G wideband multimedia systems are being deployed. In the meantime, research and progress in the future-generation wideband multimedia radio systems is vigorously being pursued worldwide. To connect mobile users to th e public switched network the United States introduced first radiotelephone service by the end of the 1940s. Improved Mobile Telephone Service was launched by Bell Systems in 1960s due to which lots of improvements like direct dialing and increase in bandwidth took place. IMTS formed the bases of the first analog cellular systems. The term cellular was used due to the fact that coverage areas were split cells, they had a low power transmitter and receiver. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM Figure 1. Block diagram of a general communication system. ANALOG vs. DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Definition of Digital A method of storing, processing and transmitting information through the use of distinct electronic or optical pulses that represent the binary digits 0 and 1. Advantages of Digital low-priced reliable Easy to manipulate Flexible Compatible with other digital systems The information in digital form can only be transmitted without any degradation through a noisy channel In corporated networks Disadvantages of Digital Sampling Error As compared to analogue, larger bandwidth is required in digital communications for the transmission of the same information. Synchronization in the communications system is required to recognize the digital signals, but this is not the case with analogue systems. Definition of Analogue Analogue is a transmission standard that uses electrical impulses to emulate the audio waveform of sound. When you use a phone, the variations in your voice are transformed by a microphone into similar variations in an electrical signal and carried down the line to the exchange. Advantages of Analogue less bandwidth is required More Accurate Disadvantages of Analogue Signal loss and distortion can be seen due to the effects of random noise which is impossible to recover GENERATIONS OF CELLULAR SYSTEMS The concept of cellular telephony was introduced in AMPS, short for Advanced Mobile Phone Systems. AMPS divided the total area into small regi ons called cells and this was from where the concept of cellular telephony started. Cellular Systems had many advantages such as they increased quality, capacity, reliability and availability of mobile telephone network. The generations of cellular systems are described below. FIRST GENERATION CELLULAR SYSTEMS First generation cellular telephone systems were introduced in 1980’s. They were based on Analog Frequency Modulation technique. Each channel was assigned a sole frequency.

Relationship marketing - case of Tesco Dissertation

Relationship marketing - case of Tesco - Dissertation Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the relationship marketing is the form of marketing where the firms emphasize more on customer satisfaction and customer retention rather than pushing the product. The companies are rather taking a pull strategy for developing new product and acquire the customers. When a company has good relation with its customers then the customers will become loyal to the company and that will help the company also acquire new customers. In the era of globalization the competition between the firms are intense, and for retaining the market share the companies need to develop some innovative strategy of marketing so that the customers become more attracted to their products. When a company is trying to push the products then the customer might loss attraction for their products because the products of the concerned company may not be meet the customer requirements. The customers may shift their attention to any other brand where they can get the produ cts as per their requirements. As a result the revenue of the former company gets affected as well as their profit. So for retaining the market share the companies should stop using the push marketing strategy, instead they need to use the pull marketing strategy. The companies should consider the customer requirements with the most importance, and for become the market leader the companies should develop a good relationship with the customers. ... They have to face the political challenges of different countries and competition from the local competitors. The opportunities of the local competitors are that they can develop the relationship with the local customers easily where it is tough for the multinational competitors. The local companies can understand what the customers want as they are operating in the same country. But the companies which are operating globally they need to understand the local customers need for generating revenue and profit from the country. The requirements of the customers differ from one country to another. The companies need to understand the customer requirements of different countries for generating profit from that country. For knowing the customer requirements the multinational companies need to conduct the market research in that particular country. Through the marketing research processes the companies can come to know about the customer needs, the customer also feel that the company is try ing to utilizing their responses. Through these processes the companies can come close to the customers, the relation between the customer and the company get improved. For achieving the sustainable market share and gaining profit the companies need to make some long term strategies. The customers are the main stakeholders of the company. The customers naturally obtain for the company where they can get maximum value in a relatively lower price. The customers expect that the product will obviously meet their basic requirements and as well as they can get some more benefits from that product. The customers will go for the brand where they can get maximum benefits after meeting the basic requirements. In this report

Web Portal. Environmental Research Data Management Essay

Web Portal. Environmental Research Data Management - Essay Example Ecology may generally be defined as the relationship between living organisms, including plants and animals, and their environment (Levitt, 2008). It will be noted that the living organic component of the environment has so much dominance on the outcome and preservation of the environment. Much of the issue of environmental outcome and preservation also depends largely on how these living organisms relate to each other and influence the living of each other. In today’s era of environmental advocacy for the conservation and preservation of the environment therefore, it is proposed that the use of ecological web portals could be used as very effective avenues and media for the promotion of environmental awareness on how human behaviour in the ecosystem can influence the perpetual conservation and eventual preservation of the environment. The idea behind the use of ecological web portals to promote environmental protection is to ensure that there is a centralized destination and system, from which data and information regarding environmental interactions between various living organisms, and more specifically the effect of human behaviour on the environment can be sampled from. To effectively achieve the goal of the proposal, it is expected that a number of research questions will be answered. Through the use of research data collection in answering these questions, it is expected that the aim of the proposal will be achieved in the long while. The research questions are given as follows: 1. What are the specific human behaviours that impact on the environment negatively? 2. How can the use of a centralized web portal be used to solve these problems? 3. How can the use of web portals be promoted to reach a wider audience to play the role for which it is implemented? 4. What challenges are likely to be faced in the use of ecological web portal to promote environmental protection? In relation to the first research question, it will be noted that the human spe cies is a very powerful component of the ecosystem, which controls majority of the interactive activities that take place within the environment. This is said because the human beings have the power to raise other organisms and species within the ecosystem such as animals and plants and directly influence the way that these species relate to the environment. Due to this power possessed by humans, there are number behaviours that they put up that have been identified to affect the ecosystem negatively. In an attempt to answer the first research question therefore, the researcher shall undertake a comprehensive and systematic literature search to come to terms with examples of human behaviours and practices that affect the environment negatively. It is proposed that when most of these ecological practices and behaviours are known, it will pave the way for much information to be given on these behaviours on the web portals to the designed. Another relevance of this research question is that when the specific behaviours that affect the ecology are not known, the portal will only be championing a course that does not affect its users in any way. On the use of a centralised web portal to solve problems related environmental protection, it can said that this is a more modern form of information transmission that promises to have a larger reach and coverage than most available avenue (Popovic et al, 2005). This is because web portals are seen as components of the new media and for that matter, social media that have currently taken over the use of the internet. Because of the scope of users of web portals, the coverage of the advocacy that will take place will be impacting. For instance schools of higher education including universities, could become major targets for

Free

Free education Essay Nearly every country in the developed world, and more and more in the developing world, provide free primary and secondary education. Such education is generally uncontroversial and accepted as necessary around the world. In the case of secondary education, however, there is a great deal of disparity between countries education policies. In many states students must pay fees to access a school. Often states offer financial assistance to individuals who cannot afford to pay fees and lack other methods of payment. In other states, education is completely free and considered a citizens right to attend. Debates center on the issues of whether there is in fact a right to education, and on whether states can feasibly afford to finance such education. POINT It is a fundamental right of individuals to experience primary and secondary school and to have access to the knowledge. Primary and secondary school offers a huge opportunity. It is a treasure of knowledge to be gained and experiences to be had. Primary and secondary school provides an opportunity that exists at no other time in n individuals life. It is a time of personal, intellectual, and often spiritual, exploration. In secondary school, no such opportunities exist, as they are about instruction and following orders, not about questioning norms and conventions in the same way primary and secondary school so often. Primary and secondary school serves as a valuable space for different views, which everyone has a right to experience should they wish. A life without thinking tools provided by primary and secondary school is less full because those without it lack the facility by which to nlock all the doors of perception and knowledge. Primary and secondary school experience serves also individuals views of education and society, helping to give form to the relationship between citizen and state. The state has a duty to facilitate this development, as its responsibility includes providing citizens with the wherewithal to take meaningful part in the democratic process. A state can only truly be considered legitimate when an educated electorate approves it. Without a proper education, individuals cannot be effective citizens. A primary and secondary school education in the modern world is essential to the development of such informed citizens. For this reason, free primary and secondary school is a great benefit to a citizen as an exploration for his own development on a personal level, and with his relation to society as a whole. Counterpoint There is no right to secondary school experience. Secondary school life is a piss-up. Students rarely take their time in secondary school some would suggest. Rather, secondary school life is about community first, education second. Such education can provide valuable knowledge, but it is not the responsibility of the citizens. Self- knowledge and genuine wisdom come from study and reflection. This can be done anywhere, not Just in a secondary school. There is no fundamental right of individuals to be allowed to learn new skills that will benefit them or how to be better citizens. The states duty is to provide a baseline of care, which in the case of education secondary school more than provides. If individuals want more they should pay for it themselves.

Symbolism in the Grapes of Wrath :: essays research papers

During the depression of the 1930's, the combined evils of the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl drought left many southern farming families landless and weak. Little hope was left for them but to pack up and moved to California, which was widely advertised in circulated handbills that promised work and inspired hope. John Steinbeck’s epic novel, The Grapes of Wrath tells the story of the migrant farmers’ travels and what they met at their destination. Intertwined within the plot and the intercalary chapters of the story is a profound use of symbolism in various forms and with many meanings. John Steinbeck deeply incorporates symbolism into the characters and plot of The Grapes Of Wrath to convey the adversity and the attitudes of the migrant farmers as well as other people involved in and effected by the dust bowl migration of the 1930's. The journey of the land turtle in the opening of the novel is a near direct representation of the travels of the dust bowl migrants. The turtle, just like the migrants, embarks on a slow, yet steady journey in a clear direction with an unclear destination. Both meet several obstacles on the way, the turtle meets a hard to climb embankment, the migrants meet troubles with their cars and terrain. There are those who make the migrants’ journeys much more impossible such as deputies and salesmen, the turtle meets the truck that nearly causes its death. And when the turtle is on its back, just as the migrants lives are void of all hope, slowly, but surely they get themselves upright and back on track. Jim Casey, the retired preacher introduced early in the plot is a symbol of transcendentalism, the idea of the Emersonian over soul, that all people are part of one great spirit, and serves as a Christ figure in the novel. He frequently refers to this single, great soul of the world, â€Å"maybe all men got one big soul ever’body’s a part of†(33). Casy’s role as a Christ figure in the novel fits very well into the journey of Christ portrayed in the bible. He takes a trek into the woods to sort things out, he followed the Joads on their journey west to help people along the way, â€Å"I got to go where the folks are goin’,† and sacrifices himself to the deputy in California to save Floyd and Tom for their aggression against the deputy(127). Symbolism in the Grapes of Wrath :: essays research papers During the depression of the 1930's, the combined evils of the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl drought left many southern farming families landless and weak. Little hope was left for them but to pack up and moved to California, which was widely advertised in circulated handbills that promised work and inspired hope. John Steinbeck’s epic novel, The Grapes of Wrath tells the story of the migrant farmers’ travels and what they met at their destination. Intertwined within the plot and the intercalary chapters of the story is a profound use of symbolism in various forms and with many meanings. John Steinbeck deeply incorporates symbolism into the characters and plot of The Grapes Of Wrath to convey the adversity and the attitudes of the migrant farmers as well as other people involved in and effected by the dust bowl migration of the 1930's. The journey of the land turtle in the opening of the novel is a near direct representation of the travels of the dust bowl migrants. The turtle, just like the migrants, embarks on a slow, yet steady journey in a clear direction with an unclear destination. Both meet several obstacles on the way, the turtle meets a hard to climb embankment, the migrants meet troubles with their cars and terrain. There are those who make the migrants’ journeys much more impossible such as deputies and salesmen, the turtle meets the truck that nearly causes its death. And when the turtle is on its back, just as the migrants lives are void of all hope, slowly, but surely they get themselves upright and back on track. Jim Casey, the retired preacher introduced early in the plot is a symbol of transcendentalism, the idea of the Emersonian over soul, that all people are part of one great spirit, and serves as a Christ figure in the novel. He frequently refers to this single, great soul of the world, â€Å"maybe all men got one big soul ever’body’s a part of†(33). Casy’s role as a Christ figure in the novel fits very well into the journey of Christ portrayed in the bible. He takes a trek into the woods to sort things out, he followed the Joads on their journey west to help people along the way, â€Å"I got to go where the folks are goin’,† and sacrifices himself to the deputy in California to save Floyd and Tom for their aggression against the deputy(127).

Of Mice and Men: Compare ‘The American Dream’ with the real lives of the migrant workers Essay

Of Mice and Men (OMaM) was first published in 1937 and is written by John Steinbeck. It is based on America in the 1930’s. It is a story about the extraordinary friendship between two itinerant workers in the harsh American depression during the 1930’s. The title of the novel is named after a poem written by Burns. The title shows how many living things are often powerless to face greater forces than they are. The title is a constant reminder that failure is often inescapable and dreams are not fulfiled as we build up our hopes so high picturing these and when everything collapses, we have nothing to fall back on. This is shown with George in the novel as, with the death of Lennie, all of his original dreams fall away. The American dream is the notion that: â€Å"everyone is created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness†. The novel focuses on two workers called Lennie and George who are looking for work and find it in a typical American ranch full of fellow itinerant workers. The ‘American Dream’ is present in the story and at the time, it was felt, and promised by president Hoover, that a man or woman from anywhere could achieve anything, however, the weaknesses of the dream itself are highlighted in the novel. Despite this, there was still racial segregation in society and this is also demonstrated in the story with a character called Crooks. He is insulted constantly and is called â€Å"nigger† throughout by the other people on the ranch. During the Wall Street crash in 1929, the great depression swept all through America and Steinbeck highlights this throughout the novel. The lifestyle of the itinerants is an example of this as they just go to the â€Å"cathouse† and spend all of their earnings as soon as they have it. This symbolizes the lack of hope in the American dream from the ranch workers as, they just carelessly spend their money as soon as they receive this instead of saving it for the future. The novel starts with a detailed description of the surroundings. The writing suggests that Soledad is dream-like with very dry but lush conditions. â€Å"the water is lined with trees-willows fresh and green with every spring† Although this sounds very heavenly, the word Soledad means ‘loneliness’ in Spanish however this contrasts with the happiness of family life (â€Å"a path beaten hard by boys coming down from the ranches to swim in the deep pools†) which would be characteristic of the â€Å"American dream’. When Lennie and George enter, it is obvious that they are both completely different and â€Å"opposite†. The reader has the impression that Lennie is quite animal-like as throughout the novel he is described with animal phases â€Å"the way a bear drags him paws† and with ‘clumsy’ language like â€Å"huge†, â€Å"flung† and â€Å"snorting†. Despite this clear contrast, the pair still share everything together, â€Å"bought out two spoons and passed one to Lennie† – referring to George which highlights the concept of the American dream and the search for happiness. From the beginning, the reader is aware of George and Lennie’s dream and living â€Å"off the fatta the lan'†. For the pair, the dream is still very much alive and is repeated over and over until, towards the end, it becomes very monotonous and it becomes a burden to George. George has his own dreams but the dream with Lennie is the only one which is truly idyllic because it’s impossible. The ranch owners manipulated desperate workers like George and Lennie so, like George and Lennie, quite a lot of ranch workers have dreams like Candy for example â€Å"I’d make a will an’ leave it with you guys†¦.† Unlike the other workers, who have got into a routine of earning their money then spending it straight away with no hope of achieving anything, Lennie and George dream of a better life as they don’t want to keep working on ranches until they die. It keeps George and Lennie going through the tough times and as they tell more people about it, it affects them and gives them hope – Candy and Crooks. At first Crooks rejects the dream and also links it to religion which, like the dream, has no foundation. He has never really experienced true happiness as he has never been shown it so he is unable to truly believe in the dream as it depends on happiness. Although the dream doesn’t last very long with him, Crooks shows some hope as he offers his services on the farm and says thing â€Å"dreamily†. Although, he returns to being defensive when the dream is squashed and becomes â€Å"scornful†. Crooks is oppressed, like his feelings. The powerlessness and loneliness of people like Crooks is shown in Chapter four because of their lack of involvement from socialising with the other workers. To him, there is no dream. He has no hope of ever achieving anything as he is badly discriminated against. Like I said above, all the other workers call him â€Å"nigger† quite casually and repetitively. Crooks lives in a separate compartment in the barn and is alone. For him, there is no hope of the dream as he is always isolated – being alone all the time from everyone and also, as he says in the text, there are no ‘black’ families near. Because of this, when he first meets Lennie he is hostile and torments him because thats how he has always been treated. He starts by calling Lennie â€Å"nuts† and â€Å"crazy as a wedge† but it is only when he begins to create situations with George that Lennie begins to get angry, fearing for George’s safety, that Crooks stops and talks less cynically again. This is also an indication of Lennie’s strength as, even though Crooks doesn’t know him, he stopped tormenting him when he began to get angry. â€Å"†Who hurt George?† he demanded. Crooks saw the danger as it approached him. He edged back on his bunk to get out of the way. â€Å"I was just supposin’,† he said. â€Å"George ain’t hurt. He’s all right. He’ll be back all right.† Lennie stood over him. â€Å"What you supposin’ for? Ain’t nobody goin’ to suppose no hurt to George. Crooks removed his glasses and wiped his eyes with his fingers. â€Å"Jus’t set down,† he said â€Å"George ain’t hurt†.† Also, the way that all his possessions and where he lives is separate from everyone else, as well as showing social segregation, shows that he is nothing like the other men. All the other men on the ranch have to share rooms and are very close to one and other whereas Crooks has his own room with his own things in it. Although this can be seen to be a good thing, it’s another dividing barrier between all of the workers and Crooks. Because it is his own, he looks after it and it shows that he is â€Å"a proud, aloof man† whose eyes seem â€Å"to glitter with intensity†. This signifies that his dreams might be completely different from all the other ranch men because he will not share the same beliefs as the other men. All of his possessions show what type of person he is; practical, active. This is show by â€Å"rubber boots† and â€Å"big alarm clock†. In the novel, it says how he has a â€Å"tattered dictionary† and a â€Å"mauled copy of the Californian Civil Code for 1905†. This shows that he reads quite a lot as the books are â€Å"mauled† and â€Å"tattered† which shows that he has a good mind. Also, the fact that he has lots of tools shows that he’s quite capable with his hands and that he’s very skilled. For example, when it says about him winning the horseshoe game. The dream for Crooks would therefore be well thought of and maybe slightly more realistic. Since Crooks has been a constant victim of prejudice, he is even more likely to realise that the dream will not be fulfilled. Crooks is also proved in the novel to be a survivor but the fact of the matter is that he has no real power on the ranch. Although hope is not truly apparent in the novel, Slim is the closest character who shows that way inclined. In the novel he is suggested to be quite majestic and quite â€Å"Godlike†. An example of this is the way that he is allowed into the boss’ shed without having to ask. As the workers there have no real family that they see very often, if at all. Slim is the closest person they have to a family member. He is seen by the ranch members as kind and comforting and is trusted. The way that he had the ‘final say’ in the decision with Candy’s dog is an indication of this. He also seems to be apparent at all of the key moments in the novel. As well as being there for Candy’s dog, he sorts everything out when Curley has his hand broken and he says that Lennie â€Å"I guess we gotta get ‘im.† His intelligence was also highlighted as he knew about Lennie’s death and was the only one to comfort him. The way that such a nice person is caught in such a harsh climate is there to highlight the dream and perhaps its failure. Unlike all of the other workers, he seems content with his current position in the ranch. It seems like he has taken in his current situation and has realised that fulfilling a dream would be very hard if not impossible. He offers security and kindness in such a harsh depression. Slim symbolises a dream that is different from the American dream; he offers a dream not based on basic desire or greed that so many people show. As it states in the text â€Å"the prince of the ranch†. The word â€Å"prince† automatically symbolises someone who has a lot of authority and is respected, like Slim. Also, Slim is the only person that Curley’s wife addresses by name. This is another indication of respect shown by everyone. Slim is also different from all the other men; not only because he believes in a different dream but also because of the way he is. We’re told, â€Å"his slow speech had overtones not of thought, but of understanding beyond thought.† No other person in the whole ranch perhaps the boss (but only because he is a position of power) has this type of authority and respect shown by all of the other workers on the ranch. There is a lack of hope throughout the whole novel but this is mostly identified by the meager surroundings. For instance, the room they stay in is bland and quite prison-like. â€Å"Inside, the walls were white washed and the floor unpainted. In three walls there were small square windows and in the fourth, a solid door with a wooden latch. Against the walls were eight bunks.† A dream incorporates freedom and rights but this doesn’t represent freedom. Everything is as cheap as it could be and there is no real individualism. The door is described as â€Å"solid† is symbolic of prison and conditions in captivity. Also, in Chapter 2, it highlights the lack of freedom as there are quite a lot of regulations involved in their work. For example â€Å"You got your work slips?† For George and Lennie, their dream is quite real, especially to Lennie, because they constantly repeat it and make it real. They go through it quite often and in great detail. â€Å"Some day- we’re gonna get the jack together and we’re gonna have a little house and a couple of acres an’ a cow and some pigs an’ live of the fatta the lan'†. Because of the repetitiveness of their dream, it becomes real in their minds. However, if they were realistic and looked at how much they were earning and where they were, they would be able to see that obtaining this dream would be very difficult. When Candy over-hears their plans for the farm he wants to be included in the dream and offers his money and his services to help them achieve the dream. This is probably the most optimistic part of the book and the idea becomes more real as they agree to buy the farm when they have George and Lennie’s wages at the end of the month. All of them believe it’s a good idea and perhaps for the first time, George truly believes it as he can see a way out; its not just for Lennie. In the text Lennie is described as being like a bear â€Å"he walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws†. Lennie can also identify with animals as he seems to befriend them before humans. He also loves cuddly animals to â€Å"pet† in his pocket. Therefore, the dream for Lennie will be animal based and quite simple, like his thinking, hence, the rabbits. Slim calls him â€Å"cukoo† and â€Å"crazy† as well as Curley’s wife calling him a â€Å"dum-dum†. Because of this, he wouldn’t last a week by himself without George and is reliant on him. Lennie is very kind and doesn’t want to hurt anyone. Even after his fight with Curley he says that he â€Å"didn’t wanta hurt him†. This shows that although he is the most destructive person in the novel, he doesn’t mean it. Despite this, Lennie is still a killer and can be very violent and dangerous. In the novel, he attacks Curley, Culey’s wife, kills mice and throws his dead pup onto the barn floor in anger. However, he doesn’t do it maliciously but like George said â€Å"he don’t know no rules†. He doesn’t want to kill Curley’s wife, he was trying to get her to be quiet. In his dream, he wants to â€Å"look after† the rabbits and keep them safe which indicates his kindness but he probably wouldn’t be able to behave like that. When Lennie goes into Crooks’ room, the light that he sees could be a glimmer of hope for the future however, when Curley’s wife appears, the hope is extinguished. Curley’s wife is the only woman on the ranch and because of this, Lennie is dazzled by her glamour and beauty. She also says that she knows about men (â€Å"mutts†) and she knows all about their need for dreams. Lennie is also quite childlike and is very innocent. He asks quite a few innocent questions and even Slim can tell he â€Å"ain’t mean†. He takes orders from George like a child but he also obeys Slim as well. This shows that he doesn’t want to disobey anyone or do anything wrong. For Lennie the dream is very real and all the way through the novel it stays like that as when he is shot, he is looking into the distance and comes closer than anyone to obtaining the dream because he is truly happy. Owing to overall cycle of events in the novel, the dream never seems likely as life does not move on; it just repeats itself. For example, there is the death of the mouse, then the pup and finally Curley’s wife. This is partly because of Lennie and his obsession with petting and stroking, the death of Candy’s dog because of its age and the pain it was in and at the end of the novel, the death of Lennie also a mercy killing. At the beginning of the novel, we saw a water snake and at the end this is repeated however, at the end, a heron â€Å"swallowed the little snake while its tail waved frantically†. This shows a cycle with beginning and an end – the death of the snake representing an end. In George and Lennie’s relationship, George is very much in control. If Lennie wasn’t there, he would have few problems and he has no other ties, except for Lennie. It states that he is â€Å"small†, â€Å"quick† and â€Å"dark of face, with restless eyes, and sharp, strong features† and has â€Å"small strong hands† and â€Å"slender arms†. The fact that he is still with Lennie shows he is very loyal to Aunt Clara and has obviously developed a friendship with Lennie unlike any other. However, George also has quite strong mood swings. At the beginning, he was quite unhappy as he and Lennie had jus fled from Weed but once they sat down and he could go to sleep, he could relax and perhaps dream. Like George’s moods, his dreams will change as well. When George says â€Å"I got to thinking that maybe we would would† it shows that by killing Lennie, he extinguished all hopes of ever achieving the dream. Therefore, by killing Lennie, he commits himself to living the life of a single man and perhaps never being truly happy. The dream does this to quite a lot of people and as they begin to take in the circumstances and realise the truth, the dream disappears. In conclusion, it is clear that Steinbeck was very thoughtful in writing the novel and he brings into question the foundations of the American society, including the American dream and how if affected itinerant workers like George and Lennie. In the novel, nature is made to appear idyllic and beautiful. This is represented in the beginning of the book as where Lennie and George are staying there is no bunkhouse, no work, no decisions and no problems. The water is said to be â€Å"twinkling over the yellow sands in the sunlight†. This sounds wonderful however, George warns Lennie that the water is â€Å"scummy†. Also, the way the water snake is eaten by the heron, shows survival of the fittest. Also, Lennie says he will live in a cave however, he probably couldn’t survive in the wild if he was given the chance. Nature both starts and ends the novel; it starts by the pool with life and dreams and ends, by the pool, but with death and the collapse of dreams. The language in the novel isn’t very complicated however it shows how itinerant workers may sound â€Å"dumb† but they are actually quite clever. For example, Crooks reads a lawyer book but his language includes â€Å"I ain’t so crippled I can’t work like a son-of-a-bitch if I want to†. Like the novel, there is a background message that isn’t apparent without cross-examintaion.

Vermont Teddy Bear

As a good marketing strategy, it would be wise for Vermont teddy Bear to penetrate at least the distribution channels of various toy stores. Therefore as a suggestion, the company should at least create a special â€Å"manufacturer-to-dealer† program which will be initiated and targeted towards the specialty and toy store businesses operating today. In this notion, it is recommended also to Vermont that it sets up a special discount program offer in its website which will be geared towards potential visitors who are willing to be distributors of the company’s products.Basically, the rationale for this suggestion comes in the aspect of attaining more exposure or advertising mileage without themed to add more mediums of advertising. Acquiring a list of specialty stores which are willing to distribute and resell the teddy bear products can help Vermont Teddy Bears to save money. Also, this will widen the market segment of the company since people are not actually invoiced to look for toys online as the primary channel but to go to a toy store which can provide both visual and tangible aspects of product presentation.Moreover, the establishment of special product discounts for wholesalers can increase the web traffic of Vermont because it will not only concentrate on individual clients but to corporate customers as well. When it comes to the demands of the target market, the creation of additional channel for distributorship certainly meets this aspect. Ordinary people can purchase their teddy bears online while wholesale customers or distributors can also manage to acquire more information on how they will profit from partnering with Vermont as a manufacturer.

European Exploration And Settlement Essays - Age Of Discovery

European Exploration And Settlement Essays - Age Of Discovery European Exploration and Settlement I. Europeans Look to New Worlds For Many Reasons. A. Renaissance- revival of classical art, literature, and learning. 1. Took place in Europe in 15th and 16th centuries. 2. Sparked imaginations and made people eager to explore. B. Protestant Reformation 1. Challenged Catholics who in turn persecuted Protestants. 2. Protestants longed for a place where they could worship as they wanted. C. European Nations Begin to Form Stable Governments and Resolve Power Struggles. D. Trying to Find a Quicker Route to Asia and Start Up a Rich Trade. E. New Developments in Travel. 1. Caravel- more maneuverable and quicker ship, moved with and against wind. 2. Navigation- charting of a course at sea. 3. Instruments- Astrolabe, the quadrant, and the cross- staff. II. Spain Leads The Way A. Spain was the leading nation in the Age of Discovery due to its search for wealth. 1. Wanted to find a quicker route to Asia. 2. Tired os paying the middlemen large profits. 3. Desired gold, silk, jewels, and spices. B. Columbus Stumbles On a New World 1. Christopher Columbus set out to prove world was round. 2. Queen Isabella agreed to arrange an expedition for Columbus. 3. His ships were the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria which set sail August 3, 1492. 4. When they finally reached land they thought they landed on India and natives were called Indians. 5. In reality, they landed in the Bahamas on an Island Columbus named San Salvador- October 12, 1492. C. Seekers of Gold and Glory 1. Amerigo Vespucci- found land that was not Asia but a great continent. A few years later a map-maker named the new continent "America" in honor of Amerigo Vespucci. 2. Balboa- Spanish explorer crossed Isthmus of Panama in 1513- first European to see Pacific Ocean. 3. Explorers more interested in acquiring gold and power than in finding new land. 4. Conquistadors- these were the conquerors who overcame whole civilizations of native people. 5. Most famous was Cort?s who, in 1519, took over the Aztec empire and its ruler Montezuma in Mexico. 6. Pizarro who, in 1535, destroyed the Inca empire in the heart of Peru. 7. Coronado 1540-1542 discovered the Grand Canyon on an expedition to the southwest. 8. De Soto explored southern U.S.- first European to reach the Mississippi River. 9. Most conquistadors were ruthless. a. Treated natives cruelly by enslaving and killing them. b. Gold, silver, and sugar made Spanish wealthy and opened up vast area. III. England, France, and the Netherlands Stake Claims A. Spain's power made the rest of Europe nervous especially Protestant England since Spain was Catholic. B. The Search for the Northwest Passage. 1. Europeans wanted quick trade route to Asia. 2. Hoped to find Northwest Passage- northern water way connecting Atlantic and Pacific oceans. 3. Found Northwest Passage in 1906 in the frozen waters of Canada. C. A Series of Discoveries 1. John Cabot 1497 sailed to New Found-land and Nova Scotia, found lots of fish but England was too busy with other affairs to take notice. 2. Verazano 1524 explored eastern coastline of North America from North Carolina to New Found-land. 3. Cartier 1535 explored Gulf of St. Lawrence and St. Lawrence River and marked France's dominance on Canada. 4. Henry Hudson found Hudson River and planted seeds of New Nether land ( New York.) 5. Explorers blaze paths, settlers move in.

Thermodynamics Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Thermodynamics Paper - Essay Example With most substances, the temperature and pressure related to the triple point lie below standard temperature and pressure and the pressure for the critical point lies above standard pressure.   Generally, at normal pressure, as temperature rises, most substances convert from their solid state, to liquid and lastly to a gaseous state. In the same reverse sequence, at standard temperature as pressure decreases, most substances change from the gaseous state to liquid and eventually to the solid state. As noted earlier there are three states of matter, these state are commonly referred to as the phases and they are gas, liquid, and water. In addition to this it is well evidenced that most substances can exist in different states under different conditions, mainly the surrounding temperature and pressure. In the case of water it exists as a solid i.e. ice at temperatures below 0o  C, and as a gas at temperatures above 100o  C. It is important to understand that in most cases the evaluation of these different states is commonly carried out in the near earth environment. This is important to be noted because any given environment is mainly characterized by the temperature and pressure (Gupta 180). Hence under these two parameters, water is in its liquid state at normal atmospheric pressure and at a temperature of 99o  C, however, when the pressure is at 71 cm and the temperature remain constant at 99o  C the phase is changed to a gas. In most substances their boiling points are lowered as the pressure decreases, moreover, their melting point reduces as the pressure decreases. However, the melting point of water is an exception to this rule; ‘It gets lower as the pressure gets higher’ (Gupta 79) Real gases react in the same way just like ideal gases at high temperatures. However, under low temperatures the connections between the molecules and their volume

Neuroimaging of the Acute Stroke Patient Case Study

Neuroimaging of the Acute Stroke Patient - Case Study Example This research tells that Alice is a 72-year-old woman who lives with her husband in an apartment. At 11:30 pm on a Thursday night, her husband called the ambulance because his wife was exhibiting some unusual symptoms. The first symptom was that his wife was sitting in front of the gas oven, continuously turning it on and off and saying that she needed to be there in order to keep warm. It was a humid night, so Alice’s husband was surprised that she appeared to feel cold. The second symptom was that Alice did not appear to recognize her husband, and kept mumbling to the oven rather than engaging in conversation with her husband. When the ambulance arrived, it was observed that Alice was pale and still dressed in her nightgown. Although she tried to get to her feet, she was unable to pull herself up. As such, being pale was a third symptom, while lacking motor control was a fourth. Alice’s medical history was mostly straightforward and there was little indication of any major aspects that would have an influence on the symptoms that she was showing. Alice is retired but remains active in the community by being involved in volunteer groups and acting as a teacher for children within the area. She has not had any significant health complications, aside from breaking her leg several years ago in a car accident. She has no history of falls and her husband considers her to be in good health. She is not currently on any medication.